3.5.2 Wiki kuongorora
Wiki kuongorora vakwanise nevaNefirimu itsva yakavharwa uye akazaruka mibvunzo.
Mukuwedzera pakubvunza mibvunzo pane dzimwe nguva dzepanyama uye mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakasikwa, teknolojia itsva inotitenderawo kuti tishandure mafomu emibvunzo. Mibvunzo yakawanda yekuongorora yakavharwa, nevanopindura vanosarudza kubva pane zvakasarudzwa zvezvisarudzo zvakanyorwa nevatsvakurudzi. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo imwe nyanzvi inotsvakurudza inotsvakurudza inonzi "kuisa mazwi mumiromo yevanhu." Somuenzaniso, pano mubvunzo wakavharwa wekuongorora:
"Uyu mubvunzo unotevera uri pamusoro pebasa. Ungaverenga kutarisa kadhi iri uye kundiudza icho chinhu pamusoro pamazita ichi mungadai vakawanda vanosarudza mune basa?
- High income
- Hapana ngozi yekudzingwa
- Kushanda kwemaawa nguva pfupi, yakawanda yenguva yakasununguka
- Mikana yekufambira mberi
- Basa racho rinokosha, uye rinopa manzwiro ezvakaitika. "
Asi izvi ndizvo chete zvinogona kupindura here? Ko vatsvakurudzi vangave vasina chimwe chinhu chakakosha nekugadzirisa mhinduro kune idzi shanu here? Mimwe nzira yemibvunzo yakavharwa ndeye mubvunzo wekutsvakurudza wakazaruka. Heino mubvunzo iwoyo wakabvunzwa mufomu rakashama:
"Uyu mubvunzo unotevera uri panhau basa. Vanhu kutsvaka zvinhu zvakasiyana pane basa. Chii hwaunonyanya vanosarudza munhu basa? "
Kunyange zvazvo mibvunzo iyi miviri ichioneka yakafanana, kuongorora kwakaitwa naWoward Schuman uye Stanley Presser (1979) kwakaratidza kuti vanogona kubudisa mhinduro dzakasiyana zvakanyanya: inenge 60% ye mhinduro kumubvunzo wakasununguka haisi mutsva mumhinduro mishanu-yakagadzirwa mhinduro ( chirevo 3.9).
Mufananidzo 3.9: Zviwanikwa kubva kuongororo yekuongorora zvinoratidza kuti mhinduro dzinogona kuvimba kana mubvunzo unobvunzwa muvharo kana kufanirwa. Yakagadzirirwa kubva ku Schuman and Presser (1979) , tafura 1.
Kunyange mibvunzo yakazaruka uye yakavharwa inogona kupa ruzivo rwakasiyana zvakasiyana uye dzose dzakakurumbira mumazuva okutanga ekutsvakurudza kwekuongorora, mibvunzo yakavharwa yauya kuzotonga munda. Uku kutonga hakusi nokuti mibvunzo yakavharwa yakave yakaratidza kuti inopa huwandu hwakanaka, asi pane nokuti iri nyore kwazvo kushandisa; iyo nzira yekuongorora mibvunzo yakasununguka inowanzokanganisa uye inodhura. Kutama kubva kumibvunzo yakasununguka inosuruvarisa nekuti ndiyo chaizvo izvo ruzivo rwakatsvakurudzwa nevatsvakurudzo zvisati zvambove ruzivo rwakakosha.
Kuchinja kunobva kuvanhu-kunotungamirirwa nekombiyuta-kuongororwa kwakaitwa, zvisinei, kunoratidza nzira itsva yekubuda kwedambudziko iri rekare. Zvakadini kana tikange tava nemibvunzo yekuongorora inobatanidza zvakanakisisa zvemibvunzo yakavhura uye yakavharwa? Ikozvino, zvakadini kana tikakwanisa kuongororwa kuti zvose zviri nyore kune ruzivo rutsva uye zvinobatsira nyore-ku-kuongorora mhinduro? Ndicho chaizvo izvo Karen Levy neni (2015) takaedza kuita.
Kunyanya, Karen neni taifunga kuti mawebsite anotora uye anorongedza zvakagadzirwa nemashandisi angave akakwanisa kuzivisa kugadzirwa kwemarudzi matsva ekuongororwa. Isu tainyanya kufuridzirwa neWikipedia-muenzaniso wakanaka wekuvhura, simba rinoshandiswa nemitauro-yakagadzirwa-naizvozvo takadana svondo yedu itsva kuongorora kwevhiki . Kungofanana neWatchpedia inoshandura kwenguva yakareba maererano nemafungiro evatori vayo, taifungidzira kuongorora kunotsvaga kwekufamba kwenguva zvichienderana nemafungiro evatori vayo . Ini naKaren takagadzira zvinhu zvitatu kuti vhiki dzevhiki dzinofanirwa kugutsa: dzinofanirwa kuva nemakaro, kubatana, nekugadzirisa. Zvadaro, aine boka padandemutande Developers, takasikwa website kuti aigona kumhanya wiki Vasai surveys_: www.allourideas.org .
Nhoroondo yekuunganidza dambudziko muongororo yevhiki inofananidzirwa neprojekiti yatakaita neHhovisi reMeya yeNew York City kuitira kuti tibatanidze pfungwa dzevagari vemo kuPaNYC 2030, chirongwa chekuchengetedzwa kweguta reNew York. Kutanga danho, Mahofisi eMaire akaita urongwa hwemashoko makumi maviri nemashanu kubva pamusangano wavo wekare (semuenzaniso, "Inoda zvivako zvose zvakakura kuti uwane simba rekugadzirisa simba" uye "Dzidzisai nezvemibvunzo yakasvibirira sechikamu chekudzidzira chikoro"). Uchishandisa aya maonero 25 sembeu, Hofisi yeMaire yakabvunza mubvunzo "Unofunga kuti chii chiri nani pfungwa yekuumba yakawanda, yakakura yeNew York City?" Vakapindura vakapiwa nepfungwa mbiri (semuenzaniso, "Vhura mapurisa emunharaunda mhiri kweguta se "nzvimbo dzepamusasa" uye "Kuwedzera miti inotarirwa mumiti yakatarisana nemapurisa emurefu"), uye vakakumbirwa kusarudza pakati pavo (mufananidzo 3.10). Mushure mekusarudza, vakapindura vakakurumidza kuendeswa nemamwe maitiro akasarudzwa akasarudzwa. Vakakwanisa kuramba vachipa ruzivo pamusoro pezvavanoda ivo chero bedzi zvavaida kana kuvhota kana nekusarudza "Handigoni kusarudza." Nokuda kwekuti, pane chero nguva, vapindura vakakwanisa kugovera mazano avo, izvo-zvichiri kurambidzwa ne Hofisi yeMireya-yakava chikamu chechidimbu chemazano kuti apiwe kune vamwe. Nokudaro, mibvunzo iyo vatori vechikamu vakagamuchira yakanga yakazaruka uye yakavharwa panguva imwe chete.
Mufananidzo 3.10: Chirongwa chekuongorora kwevhiki. Panel (a) rinoratidzira skrini yekupindura uye panhizha (b) inoratidza chigadziro chekuguma. Salganik and Levy (2015) nemvumo kubva Salganik and Levy (2015) , chidzidzo 2.
Dare reMeya rakatanga kuongorora kwevhiki muna Gumiguru 2010 pamwe chete nemimwe misangano yemunharaunda yekuwana mhinduro yekugara. Kwemwedzi inenge mina, 1 436 vakapindura vakapa mhinduro 31,893 uye 464 mazano matsva. Zvinonzwisisika, 8 yepamusoro 10 maonero ekufungidzira akaendeswa nevatori vechikamu pane kuva chikamu chemichero yemiti kubva kuMeya weHofisi. Uye, sezvatinotsanangura mupepanhau redu, muenzaniso iwoyo, neakakanda pfungwa dzakakosha zviri nani kudarika mbeu, zvinowanikwa mumavhiki akawanda ekuongorora. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuburikidza nekuzarurirwa kune ruzivo rutsva, vatsvakurudzi vanokwanisa kudzidza zvinhu zvingadai zvisina kushayiwa vachishandisa nzira dzakavharwa.
Kunze kwemigumisiro yezviongorori zvakananga, basa redu rekuongorora kwevhiki rinoratidzawo kuti mari yakagadziriswa yekutsvakurudza dhigirii inorevei kuti vatsvakurudzi vanogona kushandira nenyika nenzira dzakasiyana. Vatsvakurudzi vezvidzidzo iye zvino vanogona kuvaka maitiro echokwadi anokwanisa kushandiswa nevanhu vazhinji: tave takagadzira zvinopfuura 10 000 mavhiki ekuongorora uye takaunganidza zvinopfuura mamiriyoni 15 mhinduro. Uku kukwanisa kugadzira chimwe chinhu chinogona kushandiswa pachiyero chinouya kubva pachokuti kana webhusaiti yakavakwa, haitengi chinhu chaicho chinoita kuti zviwanikwe pachena kune vose vari munyika (hongu, izvi hazvizoitiki kana tive nevanhu -kukurukurirana kwepamutemo). Uyezve, chiyero ichi chinopa marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekutsvakurudza. Semuenzaniso, mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu ekupindura, pamwe nekushambadzira kwedu kwevatori vechikamu, vanopa chiitiko chekuedza-chenguva yekutsvakurudza nzira dzekusangana. Ini ndicharondedzera zvakawanda pamusoro peimwe mikana yekutsvakurudza iyo yakasikwa nedhijidhi-yekare inodhura zvivako-kunyanya zero data inodhura-kana ini ndichikurukurirana kuedza muchitsauko 4.
