4.5.2 Mnzanga ndi wamphamvu

Partnering akhoza kuchepetsa ndi kuwonjezera sikelo, koma angasinthe yonse ya ophunzira, mankhwala ndi zotsatira zake zimene mungagwiritse ntchito.

The njira kuchita izo nokha ndi partnering ndi gulu lamphamvu monga kampani, boma, kapena NGO. The mwayi wa ntchito ndi mnzake ndi kuti amatha kuthamanga nkhaniyi inu simungakhoze basi kuchita nokha. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa zatsopano kuti ine ndikuuzani inu za m'munsimu mtsikana ophunzira 61 miliyoni; Palibe kafukufuku payekha kukwaniritsa kuti lonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuti partnering kumawonjezera zimene mungachite, izo, nthawi imodzi, chikundikakamiza inu. Mwachitsanzo, makampani ambiri sadzalola inu kuthamanga ndi kuyesera zimene zingavulaze malonda awo kapena mbiri yawo. Kugwira ntchito ndi zibwenzi kumafunanso kuti pankhani nthawi kufalitsa, mwina mavuto kuti "kukonzanso chimango" zotsatira, ndi ena, mwamuna akhoza ngakhale kuyesa kuti ndigwire kufalitsa ntchito yanu ngati chimawapangitsa iweyo. Pomaliza, partnering komanso akubwera ndi ndalama zokhudzana ndi kuyambitsa ndi kupitiriza collaborations izi.

Pachimake vuto limene lili kuti atha kupanga zibwenzi zimenezi zitheke ndi kupeza njira pofuna kukwaniritsa zofuna za maphwando onse, ndi njira zothandiza kuti aganizire bwino kuti ndi Pasteur ndi nusu (Stokes 1997) . Akatswiri ambiri amaganiza kuti akugwira ntchito pa chimenechi-chinachake chomwe chingakhale chidwi ndi chibwenzi ndiye iwo sangakhoze kuchita sayansi weniweni. mindset imeneyi zovuta kulenga zibwenzi bwino, ndipo chigweranso kukhala zolakwika. Vuto motere maganizo ndi chodabwitsa Chitsanzo cha njira kusiya kafukufuku wa zamoyo Louis Pasteur. Pamene zikukonza malonda nayonso mphamvu ntchito kutembenuza madzi Beet mu mowa, Pasteur anatulukira latsopano kalasi ya bakiteriya kuti zinachititsa kuti chiphunzitso nyongolosi matenda. kupezeka anathana ndi vuto kwabasi othandiza anathandiza kusintha ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu, ndipo kukhala pasadakhale zikuluzikulu za sayansi. Choncho, m'malo kuganiza za kafukufuku ndi ntchito zothandiza monga zosemphana ndi kafukufuku woona sayansi, ndi bwino kuganizira za izi ngati mbali ziwiri zosiyana. Research akhoza chimalimbikitsa ntchito (kapena ayi) ndi kafukufuku akhoza kufuna kumvetsa lofunika (kapena ayi). Otsutsa, ena Pasteur's-akhoza kufufuza ngati muzilimbikira ndi ntchito ndi kuyesetsa kumvetsa lofunika (Chithunzi 4.16). Research ku Pasteur ndi nusu-kafukufuku amene analandira mapanganowo awiri zolinga-ndi abwino collaborations pakati pa akatswiri ndi zibwenzi. Popeza kuti maziko, ine pofotokoza maphunziro awiri experimental ndi zibwenzi: mmodzi ndi kampani ndipo limodzi ndi NGO.

Chithunzi 4,16: nusu Pasteur ndi (yochokera mkuyu 3.5 kuchokera Stokes (1997) ). M'malo kuganiza za kafukufuku mwina "zofunika" kapena "ntchito" ndi bwino kuganizira za kafukufuku chimalimbikitsa ntchito (kapena ayi) ndi kufuna kumvetsa lofunika (kapena ayi). Chitsanzo cha kafukufuku kuti timachita chifukwa ntchito imavomereza kumvetsa lofunika kwambiri ndi ntchito Pasteur pa akatembenuka madzi Beet mu mowa zimene zimachititsa kuti chiphunzitso nyongolosi matenda. Uku ndiko ntchito yabwino yoti zibwenzi ndi amphamvu. Zitsanzo za ntchito chimalimbikitsa ntchito koma si kufuna kumvetsa lofunika anachokera Thomas Edison, ndi zitsanzo za ntchito kuti si chimalimbikitsa ntchito koma chomwe chifuna amamvetsa ku Niels Bohr. Onani Stokes (1997) kuti mumve tsatanetsatane wa chimango ichi ndi zonsezi.

Makampani akuluakulu, makamaka chatekinoloje makampani, apanga zomangamanga amazipanga chipangizo kwa kuthamanga zatsopano zovuta. Makampani zina zamakono, zatsopano zimenezi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa A mayesero / B (chifukwa kuyesa mphamvu ya mankhwala awiri: A ndi B). Zimene awa pafupipafupi kuthamanga kwa zinthu monga kuwonjezeka mitengo alemba-pa malonda, koma yemweyo zomangamanga experimental Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kafukufuku kuti mapanganowo kumvetsa sayansi. Chitsanzo zikusonyeza kuthekera kwa mtundu umenewu wa kafukufuku ndi kafukufuku amene mgwirizano pakati pa akatswiri pa Facebook ndi University of California, San Diego, pa zotsatira za mauthenga osiyanasiyana pa turnout oponya mavoti (Bond et al. 2012) .

Pa November 2, 2010 ndi tsiku la US anaikhazikitsa chisankho onse 61 miliyoni Facebook Intaneti amakhala ku US ndi zoposa 18 nawo pochita za kukavota. Pa kuyendera Facebook Intaneti anali mosintha anatumizidwa ku umodzi mwa atatu magulu amene anatsimikiza zimene mbendera (ngati) anaikidwa pa nsonga ya News awo Amadyetsa (Chithunzi 4.17):

• ulamuliro gulu.
• Uthenga pazankhani za Kuvota ndi clickable a "Ine anavotera" batani ndi potsimikizira (uthenga).
• Uthenga pazankhani za Kuvota ndi clickable "Ine anavotera" batani ndi potsimikizira + mayina ndi zithunzi za anzawo amene anali kale kutsamba "Ine anavotera" (Dziwani + chikhalidwe).

Mgwirizano ndi anzake anaphunzira zakambidwa ziwiri zazikulu: lipoti Kuvota khalidwe ndi kuponya mavoti khalidwe lenileni. Choyamba, iwo anapeza kuti anthu uthenga + chikhalidwe gulu nthawi zambiri kuposa anthu mu gulu uthenga alemba 2 kuchuluka mfundo "Ine anavotera" (pafupifupi 20% vs 18%). Komanso, pambuyo ofufuza za ophatikizidwa deta awo ndi mbiri zilipo poyera kukavota anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 6 anapeza kuti anthu uthenga + gulu chikhalidwe anali 0,39 mfundo kuchuluka zambiri voti kuposa anthu mu chikhalidwe kulamulira anthu mu gulu Dziwani monga ayenera kuvota monga anthu mu chikhalidwe ulamuliro (Chithunzi 4.17).

Chithunzi 4,17: Results kuchokera pang'ono kuchokera-ndi-voti kuyesera on Facebook (Bond et al. 2012) . Ophunzira mu gulu uthenga amachoka pa mlingo mofanana ndi mmene anthu mu chikhalidwe kulamulira, koma anthu uthenga + gulu chikhalidwe amachoka pa mlingo pang'ono apamwamba. Mipiringidzo ankaimira pafupifupi 95% intervals chidaliro. Results mu Zithunzi komanso miliyoni 6 ophunzira amene ofufuza anafanana ndi mbiri kukavota.

kuyesera limasonyeza kuti ena Intaneti mauthenga kumva kuchokera-ndi-voti ndi mtima kwambiri kuposa ena, ndipo izo zikusonyeza kuti kafukufuku wofufuza za mphamvu ya mankhwala akhoza zimadalira iwo kuphunzira lipoti kapena khalidwe lenileni. kuyesera mwatsoka si kupereka umboni uliwonse aliyense za njira yokhayo yomwe mfundo zomwe chikhalidwe ena ofufuza zimakonda kusewera amatchedwa "nkhope mulu" -increased kukavota. N'kutheka kuti mudziwe chikhalidwe kuchuluka n'kutheka kuti munthu anaona mbendera kapena kuti chinawonjezeka Mwina kuti munthu amene anaona mbendera kwenikweni anavotera kapena onse. Choncho, kuyesera kuti apereke kupeza chidwi kuti kafukufuku kowonjezereka ayenera kufufuza (onani mwachitsanzo, Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) ).

Kuwonjezera patsogolo zolinga za ofufuza za, kuyesera komanso patsogolo cholinga cha bungwe bwenzi (Facebook). Ngati kusintha khalidwe anaphunzira kukavota kuti kugula sopo, ndiye inu mukhoza kuwona kuti kuphunzira Baibulo lili yeniyeni dongosolo chimodzimodzi kuyesera kuyeza zotsatira za malonda Intaneti (onani mwachitsanzo, Lewis and Rao (2015) ). Kuphunzira malonda mogwira pafupipafupi kuyeza mphamvu ya kukhudzana Intaneti malonda-chithandizo mu Bond et al. (2012) kulemerako malonda kwa kukavota pa khalidwe olumikizidwa ku makina. Choncho, phunziroli akhoza patsogolo luso Facebook kuti aziphunzira mphamvu ya malonda pa Intaneti ndipo akhoza kuthandiza Facebook kutsimikizira otsatsa amaona kuti Facebook malonda ogwira.

Ngakhale zofuna za ofufuza ndi abwenzi ambiri anali limagwirizana mu phunziroli, iwo pang'ono mu mavuto. Makamaka, Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa ophunzira atatu zinthu kudziletsa, uthenga, ndi uthenga + chikhalidwe-anali kwambiri imbalanced: 98% ya chitsanzo anauzidwa kuti uthenga + chikhalidwe. Izi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka imbalanced ndi inefficient powerengera, ndi bwino Kugawilidwa kwanthaka kwa akatswiri akafuna akhala 1/3 la ophunzira mu gulu lirilonse. Koma, Kugawilidwa kwanthaka imbalanced zinachitika chifukwa Facebook ankafuna aliyense kuti alandire uthenga + mankhwala chikhalidwe. Mwamwayi ofufuza anazindikira kuti titaye 1% mankhwala ina ndi 1% ya ophunzira kuti gulu kulamulira. Popanda gulu ulamuliro izo zikanakhala kwenikweni n'zosatheka kuyeza zotsatira za uthenga + mankhwala chikhalidwe chifukwa akanakhala a "perturb ndi kusunga" kuyesera osati osapanganika ankalamulira kuyesera. Mwachitsanzo limapereka lofunika othandiza phunziro ntchito ndi zibwenzi: nthawizina inu kulenga kuyesera mwa kukopa munthu kupulumutsa mankhwala ndi zina munakonza ndi kuyesera mwa kukopa munthu kuti apulumutse mankhwala (ie, kulenga gulu kulamulira).

Partnership sikuti ayenera kuchita makampani zina zamakono ndi mayesero A / B anthu mamiliyoni ophunzira. Mwachitsanzo, Alexander Coppock, Andrew ndikuganiza, ndi John Ternovski (2016) partnered ndi NGO chilengedwe (League of Conservation adzaponye chisanko) kuthamanga zatsopano kuyezetsa njira zosiyanasiyana pa nkhani yolimbikitsa anthu kutengapo mbali chikhalidwe. Akatswiriwo ntchito Twitter nkhani NGO kuti atumize onse Tweets boma ndi mauthenga payekha mwachindunji kuti anayesa mitundu yaikulu zosiyanasiyana mayina. Akatswiriwo anapitiriza kuyeza amene mauthenga awa anali yabwino kwambiri kulimbikitsa anthu kuti alembe pempho ndi mfundo Collapse za pempholo.

Cacikulu, partnering ndi amphamvu chimathandiza kuti inu ntchito pa sikelo kuti zavuta zina, Table 4.3 limapereka zitsanzo zina za zibwenzi pakati pa akatswiri ndi mabungwe. Partnering akhoza kukhala kosavuta kuposa kumanga kuyesera anu. Koma ubwino anabwera ndi kuipa: zibwenzi zibwezeletsera mitundu ya ophunzira, mankhwala zakambidwa zimene mungaphunzire. Komanso, mabungwe amenewa kungachititse kuti mavuto abwino. Njira yabwino kanthu mwayi kwa mgwirizano ndi muzindikire vuto lenileni kuti athane pamene mukuchita chidwi sayansi. Ngati mulibe ntchito njira imeneyi zoonera dziko, kumakhala kovuta kanthu mavuto Pasteur ndi nusu, koma ndi chizolowezi, inu mutayamba muzindikire iwo koposa.