4.5.1.2 Manga kuyesera anu

Kumanga kuyesera anu akhoza kukhala zodula, koma zidzathandiza inu kulenga pochita zimene mukufuna.

Kuwonjezera overlaying zatsopano pamwamba pa mapangidwe zilipo panopa, mukhoza kumanga kuyesera anu. The mwayi waukulu njira imeneyi ndi ulamuliro; ngati inu akumanga kuyesera, mukhoza kulenga malo ndi mankhwala kuti mukufuna. Izi bespoke mapangidwe experimental angalenge mwayi choyesa mfundo zimene sizingatheke mayeso mwachibadwa zikuchitika mapangidwe. The zovuta yaikulu yomanga kuyesera ako ali kuti kungakhale mtengo ndi kuti malo kumene mukhoza kulenga mwina alibe Kuzindikira za dongosolo mwachibadwa zikuchitika. Akatswiri kumanga kuyesera zawozawo ayenera strategy kwa kupeza ophunzira. Pamene ntchito mu kachitidwe yanuyo ofufuza kwenikweni kubweretsa zatsopano kwa ophunzira awo. Koma, pamene ofufuza kumanga kuyesera awo, iwo akuyenera kubweretsa ophunzira izo. Mwamwayi, zinthu monga Amazon Mawotchi Turk (MTurk) angapereke ofufuza njira yachidule kubweretsa ophunzira zatsopano awo.

Mmodzi zikusonyeza makhalidwe abwino a mapangidwe bespoke zoti ziyesedwe mfundo umboni ndi digito labu kafukufuku ndi Gregory Huber, Seti Hill, ndi Gabriel Lenz (2012) . Kuyesa ikufotokoza zotheka othandiza malire ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ulamulilo wokomela. Kale sanali experimental maphunziro chisankho chenicheni amati adzaponye chisanko sangathe molondola amapenda ntchito andale nkoyenera. Makamaka adzaponye chisanko amaoneka amadwala biases atatu: 1) lolunjika pa posachedwapa osati ntchito chokhala; 2) manipulatable ndi apamwamba, nkhanza, ndi malonda; ndi 3) kutengera zinthu ziwiri zosagwirizana ndi ntchito nkoyenera, monga bwino kumeneko timu masewera ndi nyengo. Mu maphunziro awa kale Komabe, zinali zovuta kupeza aliyense wa zinthu izi kwa zinthu zina zonse zimene zimachitika mu weniweni, chisankho chosokonekera. Choncho, Huber ndi anzake analenga kwambiri wosalira chilengedwe kukavota kuti wodzipatula, ndiyeno experimentally kuphunzira, aliyense wa awa biases zitatu zotheka.

Monga ine pofotokoza experimental kupatula pamwamba pansipa ndi kudzamveka yokumba kwambiri, koma kumbukirani kuti Kuzindikira si cholinga zatsopano labu-kalembedwe. M'malo mwake, cholinga ndicho bwino n'kutaya ndondomeko yomwe mukufuna kuphunzira, ndi kudzipatula izi zolimba ndi zina sizingatheke mu maphunziro ndi more Kuzindikira (Falk and Heckman 2009) . Komanso, mu nkhani iyi ofufuza ankanena kuti ngati adzaponye chisanko simungakhoze bwino kupenda ntchito mu nthawi kwambiri chosavuta, ndiye iwo adzakhala wokhoza kuchita izo bwinobwino, kuika zinthu zina.

Huber ndi anzake ntchito Amazon Mawotchi Turk (MTurk) yosankha ophunzira. Kamodzi ophunzira anapereka mozindikira chilolezo ndipo anadutsa yochepa mayeso, iye anauzidwa kuti anali nawo masewera 32 chonse kupeza zizindikiro zimene akanatha n'kukhala ndalama weniweni. Kumayambiriro a masewero, aliyense anauzidwa kuti anapatsidwa ndi "allocator" yomwe kumupatsa mphatso yaulere aliyense kuzungulira ndi ena allocators anali owolowa manja kuposa ena. Komanso, aliyense anali anauzidwa kuti adzakhala ndi mwayi kaya kusunga allocator wake kapena dera lina latsopano pambuyo zipolopolo 16 masewera. Popeza zimene mukudziwa za Huber ndi zolinga kafukufuku anzake, inu mukhoza kuwona kuti allocator akuimira boma ndi kusankha ili mukuimira chisankho, koma ophunzira sanali kudziwa zolinga ambiri a kafukufuku. Okwana Huber ndi anzake alemba ntchito za 4,000 ophunzira amene malipiro za $ 1,25 ntchito imene anatenga za 8 Mphindi.

Kumbukirani kuti mmodzi wa anapezazo ndi kafukufuku kale anali adzaponye chisanko mphoto ndi chilango incumbents kwa zakambidwa kuti ndi bwino kuzisintha awo, monga bwino magulu wamba masewera ndi nyengo. Kuwunika ngati zochita ophunzira kukavota akhoza kutengera zinthu mwangwiro mwachisawawa pokhazikitsa awo, Huber ndi anzake anawonjezera mpikisano kachitidwe kawo experimental. Pa mwina kuzungulira 8 kapena kuzungulira 16 (ie, pomwe pamaso mwayi m'malo allocator) ophunzira anali mosintha anaikidwa mpikisano pamene ena anapambana mfundo 5000, ena anapambana 0 mfundo, ndi ena anataya mfundo 5000. mpikisano uwu umene Mulungu anafuna kuti muoneke uthenga wabwino kapena woipa kuti zimadalira pa ntchito a wandale. Ngakhale ophunzira anali motsimikizira anauzidwa kuti mpikisano anali zifukwa ku ntchito ya allocator awo, zotsatira za mpikisano akadali mwapeza zochita ophunzira. Ophunzira kuti apindula mpikisano anali zambiri kusunga allocator awo, ndipo mawu amenewa anali amphamvu pamene zotero zinachitika kuzungulira 16 pomwe pamaso m'malo chigamulo kuposa pamene icho chinachitika mu kuzungulira 8 (Chithunzi 4.14). Zotsatira, limodzi ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo ena mu pepala, zinachititsa Huber ndi anzake kunena kuti ngakhale malo chosavuta, adzaponye chisanko angamavutike kupanga zosankha zanzelu, chifukwa kuti mwapeza kafukufuku tsogolo za kupanga chisankho oponya mavoti (Healy and Malhotra 2013) . Kuyesa kwa Huber ndi anzake limasonyeza kuti MTurk angagwiritsidwe ntchito yosankha ophunzira kwa labu wamasiku zatsopano kwa ndendende choyesa mfundo zenizeni kwambiri. Komanso zikusonyeza kufunika yomanga okha chilengedwe experimental: zimavuta kuona mmene njira zomwezi akanatha olekanitsidwa kotero mopanda pokhazikitsa ina iliyonse.

Chithunzi 4,14: Results ku Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) . Ophunzira kuti apindula mpikisano anali zambiri kusunga allocator awo, ndipo mawu amenewa anali amphamvu pamene zotero zinachitika kuzungulira 16 pomwe pamaso m'malo chigamulo kuposa pamene icho chinachitika mu kuzungulira 8.

Kuwonjezera kumanga zatsopano labu ngati, ofufuza angathe kumanga nkhaniyi zambiri kumunda ngati. Mwachitsanzo, Centola (2010) anamanga digito munda kuyesera kuphunzira zotsatira za dongosolo ochezera a pa Intaneti pa kufala kwa khalidwe. Lake funso kafukufuku anafunika kusunga khalidwe chinafalikira anthu amene anali nyumba zosiyana ochezera a pa Intaneti koma sakanatha osiyana. Njira yokhayo yimene mungacite anali ndi bespoke, kuyesera mwambo yomangidwa. Pankhaniyi, Centola anamanga mudzi thanzi ukonde ofotokoza.

Centola alemba ntchito pafupifupi 1,500 ophunzira ndi malonda pa Websites thanzi. Pamene ophunzira anafika pa Intaneti a anthu amene ankatchedwa Healthy MOYO Network iwo anapatsa kuuzidwa chilolezo ndipo anatumizidwa "thanzi mabwanawe." Chifukwa Centola anatumizidwa mabwanawe izi thanzi anatha ogwirizana nyumba pamodzi osiyana ochezera a pa Intaneti mu osiyana magulu. Magulu ena adamangidwa kuti Intaneti mwachisawawa (aliyense anafunanso ayenera kuti amagwiritsa) ndi magulu ena adamangidwa kuti Intaneti clustered (kumene kugwirizana kwambiri kwanuko wandiweyani). Ndiye, Centola anayambitsa khalidwe latsopano mu aliyense network mwayi kulembetsa webusaiti watsopano ndi zina zambiri matenda. Zonse pamene wina analembetsa kuti webusaiti latsopano, onse mabwanawe wake thanzi analandira imelo kulengeza khalidwe. Centola ndiye kuti khalidwe-imakhala mmwamba atsopano webusaiti-kufalitsa zambiri ndipo mofulumira maukonde clustered kuposa Intaneti mwachisawawa, ndi kupeza chimene chinali chosiyana ndi ena mfundo alipo.

Cacikulu, kumanga kuyesera anu amakupatsani ulamuliro zambiri; kumakuthandizani kumanga yabwino chilengedwe nkotheka kupeza zimene mukufuna kuphunzira. N'zovuta kulingalira momwe kapena zatsopano zimenezi zikanatha kuchitika m'malo kale. Komanso, kumanga dongosolo lanu amachepetsa nkhawa zikuyenela padziko kuyesa mu kachitidwe zilipo panopa. Pamene mumanga kuyesera anu, Koma inu anathamangira ku mavuto amene anakumana mu zatsopano labu: kupeza ophunzira zokhudza Kuzindikira. A downside komaliza kuti kumanga kuyesera anu angakhale wapatali nthawi yambiri, ngakhale monga zitsanzo zimenezi, ndi zatsopano akhoza osiyanasiyana monga mapangidwe osavuta (monga kuphunzira kuponya mavoti ndi Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) ) kwa ndi mapangidwe zovuta (monga kuphunzira Intaneti ndi kufalikira ndi Centola (2010) ).