4.4.2 Heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala

Zatsopano zambiri kuyeza zotsatira ambiri, koma kwenikweni kungakhale zosiyana kwa anthu osiyana.

Wachiwiri zikuluzikulu mfundo kusuntha yoposa zatsopano n'zakuti heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala. Kuyesa kwa Schultz et al. (2007) mwamphamvu imasonyeza mmene mankhwala omwewo angakhale ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa zosiyanasiyana anthu (Chithunzi 4.4), koma kusanthula izi wa heterogeneity kwenikweni zachilendo kwambiri kwa kuyesera analogi m'badwo. Ambiri analogi zatsopano m'badwo kumatanthauza ochepa ophunzira kuti aziwalambira mosinthana "zida" chifukwa pang'ono za iwo amadziwika chisanadze mankhwala. Mu zatsopano digito Komabe, izi zopinga deta sakhala wamba chifukwa ofufuza amakonda kukhala ophunzira kwambiri ndi kudziwa zambiri za iwo. Mu chilengedwe osiyana deta, tikhoza amanena heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala kuti anapereka maumboni mmene mankhwala ntchito, momwe angathe bwino, ndipo tani akulimbana anthu ambiri ayenera kuti apindule.

zitsanzo ziwiri za heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala okhudza malamulo chikhalidwe ndi ntchito mphamvu anachokera kufufuza zambiri pa Home Energy Malipoti. Choyamba, Allcott (2011) ntchito yaikulu chitsanzo kukula (600,000 mabanja) kuti anagawa zina chitsanzo ndi amati zotsatira za Energy Report Home ndi decile wa wakagwiritsidwe mphamvu chisanadze mankhwala. Pamene Schultz et al. (2007) anapeza kusiyana pakati pa Intaneti katundu ndi kuwala, Allcott (2011) anapeza kuti panali kusiyana mu gulu katundu ndi kuwala wosuta. Mwachitsanzo, Intaneti yakula (amene ali decile pamwamba) yafupika wakagwiritsidwe awo mphamvu kuwirikiza kawiri munthu pakati wosuta gulu lolemera (Chithunzi 4.7). Komanso, kuyerekeza mmene makhalidwe chisanadze mankhwala ananenanso kuti panalibe zotsatira boomerang ngakhale kuti owerenga lightest (Chithunzi 4.7).

Chithunzi 4.7: Heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala Allcott (2011) . The kuchepa ntchito mphamvu anali osiyana anthu deciles osiyanasiyana wakagwiritsidwe ziriri.

Phunziro ina, Costa and Kahn (2013) ankati mphamvu ya Energy Report Home akanakhoza amasiyanasiyana zochokera maganizo ndi ophunzira a ndale mankhwala zikhoza kuyambitsa anthu ndi mfundo zina kuonjezera awo ntchito magetsi. M'mawu ena, iwo ankati kuti Home Energy Malipoti akhoze kupanga zotsatira boomerang mitundu ina ya anthu. Kuwunika kuti zimenezi, Costa ndi Kahn ophatikizidwa ndi Opower deta ndi zomwe anagula ku aggregator lachitatu chipani kuti anaphatikizapo mfundo monga chipani kalembera ndale, zopereka kwa mabungwe chilengedwe, komanso kugwira nawo banja mapologalamu mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Ndi gulu lazidziwitso izi ophatikizidwa, Costa ndi Kahn anapeza kuti Home Energy Malipoti opangidwa zotsatira akutanthauza chimodzimodzi ophunzira ndi maganizo osiyana; panalibe umboni kuti gulu lililonse anasonyeza zotsatira boomerang (Chithunzi 4.8).

Chithunzi 4.8: Heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala Costa and Kahn (2013) . The Akuti pafupifupi mankhwala zotsatira za chitsanzo wonse -2,1% [-1,5%, -2,7%]. Pogwiritsira ntchito mfundo kuyesera ndi nkhani za kholo, Costa and Kahn (2013) ntchito angapo zitsanzo zowerengera chaka zotsatira mankhwala magulu akutiakuti a anthu. Ziwerengero awiri anapereka kwa gulu lililonse chifukwa ziwerengero kumadalira covariates iwo m'gulu zitsanzo awo zowerengera (onani chitsanzo 4 ndi chitsanzo 6 Table 3 Table 4 Costa and Kahn (2013) ). Chitsanzo chimenechi chikusonyeza kuti mankhwala zotsatira angakhale osiyana anthu osiyana ndi akuti zotsatira mankhwala kuti anachokera zitsanzo zowerengera akhoza kudalira pa mfundo zitsanzo anthu (Grimmer, Messing, and Westwood 2014) .

Zitsanzo ziwirizi zikusonyeza, mu m'badwo digito, ife tithe kusuntha kwa kuyerekeza pafupifupi zotsatira mankhwala kuyerekeza ndi heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala chifukwa tikhoza kukhala ophunzira ambiri ndipo ife tikudziwa zambiri za ophunzira anthu. Kuphunzira za heterogeneity za kuipa mankhwala athe kutsata wa mankhwala kumene ndi yothandiza kwambiri, kupereka mfundo zimene kuwalimbikitsa kukula latsopano chiphunzitso, ndi kupereka akupangira za limagwirira zotheka, mutu umene ine tsopano mutembenukire.