oyamba

Kwa ine, bukuli inayamba mu 2005, pamene ndinali kulalikira pa zolemba pamaphunziro anga. Ndinali pa Intaneti kuyesera, amene ine ndikuuzani inu zonse za mu Chapter 4, koma tsopano ine ndikuti ndikuuzeni inu chinachake chimene sichiri mu pepala aliyense zamaphunziro. Ndipo ndi chinachake chimene wachibadidwe anasintha mmene ine ndikuganiza za kafukufuku. Mmawa wina, pamene Nditafufuza ukonde-makina, ndinazindikira kuti usiku 100 anthu Brazil anali nawo kafukufuku wanga. Machitachita kunakhudza pa ine. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ndinapeza anzanga amene anali kuthamanga zatsopano chikhalidwe labu, ndipo ine kudziŵa kuti iwo ankagwira ntchito yosankha, kuyang'anira, ndi kulipira anthu otengapo zatsopano awo; ngati iwo angathamange anthu 10 pa tsiku limodzi, kuti anali patsogolo. Koma, ndi kuyesera wanga online, anthu 100 nawo pamene ine ndinali kugona. Kufufuza wanu pamene mukugona angaone zabwino kwambiri woona, koma si choncho. Kusintha sayansi, makamaka kusintha kwa zaka analogi kwa digito m'badwo-kumatanthauza kuti tsopano kusonkhanitsa ndi yosanthula deta chikhalidwe m'njira zinanso. Buku ili pafupi kufufuza chikhalidwe m'njira zatsopano.

bukuli kuti madera awiri osiyana. Ndi kwa asayansi zosangalatsa zomwe ndikufuna kuchita zambiri deta sayansi, ndipo izo kwa deta asayansi akufuna kuchita sayansi kwambiri ndi anthu ena. Ine amapeza nthawi zonse kwa Ayuda amenewa, ndipo bukuli ndi ulendo wanga kubweretsa mfundo zawo limodzi m'njira amapeŵa quirks ndi jargon la mwina. Popeza anthu amene bukuli chifukwa, tiyenera kupita kunena kuti bukuli si kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi. Ine ntchito zina mu boma (pa Bureau pa US Census) ndi makampani chatekinoloje (pa Microsoft Research), ndipo ine ndikudziwa kuti pali zambiri kafukufuku zosangalatsa zikuchitika kunja yunivesite. Choncho, ngati mukuganiza zimene mukuchita apeza chikhalidwe, ndiye bukuli kwa inu, ziribe kanthu kumene inu ntchito kapena mtundu wa njira panopa ntchito.

Tikadali mu masiku oyambirira a kafukufuku chikhalidwe mu m'badwo digito, ndipo ine ndaziwona ena kusamvana kuti ali ofunika ndi zofala zimene zimapangitsa mphamvu kwambiri kwa ine amawaitana pano, m'mawu oyamba. Pazimene asayansi, ine ndawonapo kusamvana awiri wamba. Woyamba akuganiza kuti deta kwambiri basi zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto. Koma kafukufuku chikhalidwe izo sizinakhale zimene ndinaona. Ndipotu, kufufuza chikhalidwe ingapezeke deta, monga kuyenera zambiri deta chomwecho, zikuoneka kuti zothandiza kwambiri. Kusamvetsa chachiwiri Ine ndawonapo pazimene asayansi akuganiza kuti sayansi chikhalidwe ndi gulu chabe la zapamwamba-nkhani atavalanso bwino. Kumene, monga chikhalidwe wasayansi-mwapadera ngati Katswiri-sindimagwirizana ndi kuti; Ine ndikuganiza kuti sayansi chikhalidwe ali zambiri kupereka. Anzeru anthu akhama kumvetsa khalidwe la anthu kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo zikuoneka chanzeru kunyalanyaza nzeru amene anapeza kuchokera ntchito zimenezi. chiyembekezo changa kuti bukuli adzadzipereka ena nzeru m'njira yosavuta kumva.

Kuchokera asayansi chikhalidwe, ine adawona kusamvana awiri wamba. Choyamba, ine ndawonapo anthu ena kulemba-pa lingaliro lonse la kafukufuku chikhalidwe ntchito zida m'badwo digito zochokera mapepala angapo zoipa. Ngati inu mukuwerenga buku lino, muli mwina kale kuwerenga gulu la mapepala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito deta chikhalidwe TV m'njira banal kapena choipa (kapena onse). Ndili kwambiri. Komabe, kungakhale kulakwa kwambiri kuona zitsanzo zimenezi kuti onse digito m'badwo kafukufuku chikhalidwe choipa. Ndipotu, mwina kuwerenga gulu la mapepala kuti ntchito deta kafukufuku m'njira banal kapena choipa, koma inu musati kulemba, pa kafukufuku zonse ntchito kafukufuku. Ndicho chifukwa mukudziwa kuti pali kafukufuku lalikulu anachita deta ndi kafukufuku, m'buku ili, ine ndati ndikusonyezeni inu kuti pali kafukufuku lalikulu anachita ndi zida m'badwo digito.

Wachiwiri wamba kusamvetsa kuti ine ndawonapo kwa asayansi kucheza ndi kusokoneza lino ndi m'tsogolo. Pamene akuona kafukufuku chikhalidwe mu digito m'badwo-kufufuza kuti ine kulongosola zimenezi m'buku ndikofunika kufunsa mafunso awiri kusiyana:

• Mmene amachitira kalembedwe ntchito imeneyi kafukufuku tsopano?
• Mmene adzakhala kalembedwe ntchito imeneyi kafukufuku zam'tsogolo kusintha deta malo ndipo ofufuza kusamalira kwambiri mavuto amenewa?

Ngakhale ofufuza amaphunzitsidwa kuyankha funso loyamba, buku ili, ine ndikuganiza funso lachiwiri ndi zofunika kwambiri. Kuti, ngakhale kuti kufufuza chikhalidwe mu m'badwo digito sanabadwe opangidwa chachikulu, mawonedwe kusintha zopereka nzeru, mlingo wa kusintha kwa kafukufuku digito m'badwo amazipanga mofulumira. Ndi izi mlingo wa kusintha, kuposa mlingo pano, izo zimapangitsa digito m'badwo kafukufuku kuti ndi zosangalatsa kwa ine.

Ngakhale kuti ndime yomaliza ankaoneka kupereka chuma angathe pa nthawi mosadziwika m'tsogolo, cholinga changa mu bukuli si kukugulitsani mtundu uliwonse makamaka za kafukufuku. Ine sindiri panokha magawo yekha Twitter, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, apulo kapena zina zamakono kampani (ngakhale, chifukwa cha Kuwulura full, ine ankagwira ntchito kapena kulandira kufufuza ndalama ku Microsoft, Google, ndipo Facebook). Ngati muli okondwa ndi kafukufuku yemwe mukuchita kale: chachikulu, kuchita zomwe mukuchita. Koma, ngati muli lingaliro kuti m'badwo digito zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zatsopano ndi osiyana ndi zotheka, ndiye ine ndikufuna ndikusonyezeni inu mwayi anthu. Choncho, mu buku cholinga changa ndicho kukhala wodalirika owerenga, ndikukuuzani inu za zosangalatsa zinthu zonse kukhala zatsopano kuti n'zotheka, pamene kukutsogolerani kuchoka ku mbuna zingapo zimene ine ndaziwona ena amagwa. Ine ndikuyembekeza kuti izi zidzathandiza bwino kafukufuku kukuthandizani bwino amayang'anitsitsa kafukufuku wa ena.

Ngati inu Mwina mwaona kale, kamvekedwe ka buku ili ndi pang'ono osiyana mabuku ena akuphunzira. Ndicho dala. Bukuli anatuluka maphunziro unakonzedwa kuti ine ndaphunzitsa pa Princeton mu Dipatimenti ya Sociology, ndipo ine ndikufuna bukuli kugwila ena a mphamvu ndi chisangalalo ku msonkhano umenewo. Makamaka, ine ndikufuna bukuli ndi makhalidwe atatu: zothandiza, wosangalala, ndi tsogolo wokonda.

Zothandiza: Cholinga changa ndi kulemba buku lothandiza kwa inu. Choncho, ine ndikuti kulemba mu kalembedwe momasuka ndi osasankhidwa. Ndicho chifukwa chinthu chofunika kwambiri chimene ine ndikufuna kuti auze njira ina yoganizira za kafukufuku chikhalidwe. Ndipo zimene ndinaona ku chiphunzitso zikusonyeza kuti njira yabwino Auze motere maganizo ndi mwamwayi ndi zambiri zitsanzo.

Akandipatsa: asayansi The madera awiri kuti buku lino wachita-chikhalidwe ndi deta asayansi-m'njira zosiyana kwambiri. Data asayansi ambiri okondwa; iwo amakonda kuona galasi theka zonse. Asayansi Social, Komano, zambiri yovuta kwambiri; iwo amakonda kuona galasi theka kanthu. M'buku lino, ine ndikuti kutengera kamvekedwe zidzakhala bwino za sayansi deta, ngakhale maphunziro anga monga wasayansi chikhalidwe. Choncho, pamene ine ndikuwapereka zitsanzo, ine ndati ndikuuzeni inu chimene ine ndimakonda za zitsanzo zimenezi. Ndipo, pamene ine ndichita amanena mavuto ndi zitsanzo ndipo ndidzachita izi chifukwa palibe kafukufuku wangwiro ndiri ndiyesera amanena mavuto amenewa mu njira ndi zabwino ndipo zidzakhala bwino. Ine sinditi zifukwa chifukwa cha kukayikira. Ine ndikuti kukayikira kuti nditha munakonza kafukufuku wokongola kwambiri.

Tsogolo zochokera: Ndikukhulupirira kuti buku lino lidzakuthandizani kufufuza chikhalidwe ntchito machitidwe digito kulili lero ndi kachitidwe digito kuti adzakhala analenga m'tsogolo. Ndinayamba kuchita mtundu uwu wa kufufuza mu 2003, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ine ndaziwona kwambiri kusintha. Ine ndikukumbukira pamene ine ndinali anthu maphunziro kusukulu anali okondwa ntchito MySpace kufufuza chikhalidwe. Ndipo, pamene ine kuphunzitsa gulu langa loyamba pa zimene ine ndiye amatchedwa "ukonde ofotokoza kafukufuku chikhalidwe," anthu anali okondwa zolengedwa pafupifupi monga SecondLife. Ine ndikutsimikiza kuti m'tsogolo zambiri zimene anthu tikuyankhula lero kuoneka wopusa ndi chinthu chakale. Mochenjera kuti kukhala okhudzidwa mu nkhope ya kusintha mofulumira ndi abstraction. Choncho, si adzakhala buku limaphunzitsa inu ndendende mmene ntchito Twitter API; m'malo mwake, adzakhala buku limene limaphunzitsa mmene chiyani pa kuda digito (Chapter 2). Izi sinditi kukhala buku limene kumakupatsani mwatsatane-tsatane malangizo kuthamanga zatsopano pa Amazon Mawotchi Turk; m'malo mwake, ati mmene mungapezele pulani ndi kutanthauzira nkhaniyi kudalira zomangamanga digito m'badwo (Chapter 4). Pogwiritsa ntchito abstraction, ine ndikuyembekeza izi buku zosasinthika pa mutu yake.

Ine ndikuganiza izi ndi nthawi zotsangalatsa konse kukhala kafukufuku chikhalidwe, ndipo ine ndiyesa kuti auze kuti chisangalalo mu njira imene yeniyeni. Ndiko kuti, ndi nthawi yoti mupite kupyola zilizonse yosokoneza za mphamvu zamatsenga deta latsopano. Ndi nthawi yeniyeni.