2.4.1.3 kufufuza chikhalidwe TV ndi boma Chinese

Akatswiri anafukula Chinese chikhalidwe TV malo kuphunzira kufufuza. Amachitira incompleteness ndi zobisika-khalidwe kumasulira.

Kuwonjezera deta ikuluikulu ntchito zitsanzo ziwiri m'mbuyomu, akatswiri akhoza kusonkhanitsa awo deta yekha taona, monga modabwitsa tikuziona Gary King, Jennifer Pan, ndi Molly Roberts ' (2013) kafukufuku pa kufufuza ndi boma Chinese.

Social posts media ku China ndi kupimidwa ndi lalikuru boma zida zimene akuganiza kuti monga zikwizikwi anthu. Ofufuza ndi nzika Komabe, anzeru momwe censors awa kusankha zimene zili ayenera zichotsedwa ku chikhalidwe TV. Akatswiri a China kwenikweni zomwe otsutsana zimene yonse ya posts ndi amathetsa zichotsedwa. Ena amaganiza kuti censors kuganizira posts ofunika kwambiri a boma pamene ena amaganiza zimalimbana posts kuti kulimbikitsa khalidwe gulu, monga zionetsero. Lodziwa amene zoyembezereka cholondola akukhudza bwanji ofufuza kumvetsa China ndi ena maboma ulamuliro amene amachita kufufuza. Choncho, Mfumu ndi anzake ankafuna kuyerekeza posts kuti zinasindikizidwa ndipo kenako zichotsedwa kuti posts kuti zinatuluka ndi konse zichotsedwa.

Kusonkhanitsa posts izi nawo chidwi zomangamanga chintchito kukwawa oposa 1,000 Chinese chikhalidwe TV Websites aliyense ndi wosiyana tsamba masanjidwe kupeza posts zogwirizana, ndiyeno mobwerezabwereza posts izi kuona amene kenako zichotsedwa. Kuwonjezera pa mavuto zomangamanga yachibadwa kugwirizana ndi lalikulu lonse ukonde-crawling, ntchitoyi anali ndi mavuto ochuluka kuti anayenera kukhala mofulumira kwambiri chifukwa ambiri kupimidwa posts akutengedwa pansi mu maola 24. M'mawu ena, ndi crawler wosakwiya tiphonye zambiri posts amene kupimidwa. Komanso crawlers anali kuchita izi zosonkhanitsira onse deta pamene kuchizemba kudziwika Kuopera kuti chikhalidwe TV Websites polepheretsa kapena kusintha malamulo awo poyankha phunzirolo.

Tikangomvetsa chachikulu zomangamanga ntchito inatha, Mfumu ndi anzake anapeza miliyoni 11 posts nkhani 85 zosiyanasiyana zimene anali chisanadze mwachindunji zochokera msinkhu wawo amayembekezeka tilinazo. Mwachitsanzo, mutu wa tilinazo yapamwamba Ai Weiwei, chithunzicho dissident; mutu wa tilinazo pakati ayamikira ndi devaluation la ndalama Chinese, ndi mutu wa tilinazo otsika ndi Cup World. Mwa nsanamira zimenezi miliyoni 11 miliyoni 2 anali kupimidwa, koma posts nkhani zovuta kwambiri anali kupimidwa kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe zambiri kuposa posts nkhani pakati ndi otsika tilinazo. M'mawu ena, censors Chinese ali ngati zikuoneka kuti othana ndi malo amene akutchula Ai Weiwei monga malo amene watchula Cup World. anapezazo izi sikunafanane lingaliro simplistic kuti boma censors posts onse nkhani zovuta.

Izi mawerengedwe yosavuta mlingo kufufuza ndi mutu akanakhoza kusokeretsedwa Komabe. Mwachitsanzo, boma mwina othana posts kuti amathandiza wa Ai Weiwei, koma kusiya posts ofunika kwambiri kwa iye. Pofuna kusiyanitsa posts mosamala kwambiri, ofufuza ayenera kuyeza mawu a mtengo uliwonse. Choncho, njira imodzi kuganizira kuti mawu a mtengo uliwonse mu yofunika zobisika mbali ya mtengo uliwonse. Mwatsoka, ngakhale ntchito kwambiri, njira makina wonse wa kudziwika amaganiza ntchito otanthauzira analipo adakali wabwino kwambiri mu zinthu zambiri (kumbuyo mavuto kukonza kutalika kwa nthawi maganizo a September 11, 2001 ku Chigawo 2.3.2.6). Choncho, Mfumu ndi anzake anafuna njira amanena wawo 11 miliyoni chikhalidwe TV posts ngati iwo anali 1) yapadera ya boma, 2) kuthandiza boma, kapena 3) wosayenera umboni nkhani za zochitika. Izi zikumveka ngati ntchito yaikulu, koma anathana pogwiritsa ntchito njomba amphamvu; munthu wamba mu deta sayansi koma panopa ndi osowa sayansi chikhalidwe.

Choyamba, mogwirizana ndi ambiri wotchedwa chisanadze processing ofufuza wotembenuka posts chikhalidwe TV mu bokosi chikalata akuti, kumene kunali mzere aliyense chikalata ndi ndime amene analembedwa ngati malo munali mawu enieni (mwachitsanzo, odandaula, magalimoto, etc.). Kenako, gulu la ogwira kafukufuku dzanja olembedwa mawu a chitsanzo cha malo. Kenako, Mfumu ndi anzake ntchito dzanja olembedwa deta chaka makina kuphunzira chitsanzo kuti akhoza amachitsimikizira mawu a positi zochokera makhalidwe ake. Pomaliza, ntchito makina kuphunzira chitsanzo amanena mawu a posts onse 11 miliyoni. Choncho, m'malo pamanja kuwerenga ndi olemba posts 11 miliyoni (amene adzakhala logistically zosatheka), iwo pamanja olembedwa ochepa posts ndiyeno ntchito deta asayansi adzaitana kuphunzira ankaonetsetsa kuti amanena za magulu a posts onse. Atamaliza kusanthula izi, Mfumu ndi anzake anatha kunena kuti, penapake n'zosadabwitsa Mwina malo kuti zichotsedwa anali zifukwa ngakhale zonyoza boma kapena kuthandiza boma.

Chithunzi 2.3: Anasintha zojambula kwa ndondomeko ntchito King, Pan, and Roberts (2013) kuti kuyerekeza mawu a Chinese posts 11 miliyoni chikhalidwe TV. Choyamba, mogwirizana ndi ambiri wotchedwa chisanadze processing ofufuza wotembenuka chikhalidwe TV posts mu bokosi chikalata akuti (onani Grimmer and Stewart (2013) kuti mudziwe zambiri). Chachiwiri, akatswiri dzanja yosiyanasiyana mawu a chitsanzo ka posts. Chachitatu ofufuza anaphunzitsa ankaonetsetsa kuphunzira chitsanzo m'kagulu mawu a posts. Chachinayi ofufuza ntchito ankaonetsetsa kuphunzira chitsanzo amanena mawu a posts onse. Onani King, Pan, and Roberts (2013) , Zakumapeto B lofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.

Pomaliza, Mfumu ndi anzake anapeza kuti mitundu itatu yokha ya posts nthawi zonse anali kupimidwa: zolaula, kudzudzula censors, amene anali gulu kanthu angathe (ie, n'zotheka zikubweretsa zionetsero zikuluzikulu). Ndi kusunga nambala yaikulu posts amene zichotsedwa ndi posts kuti sanafafanizidwe, Mfumu ndi anzake anatha mudziwe censors ntchito basi ndi kuonera ndi kuwerenga. Kafukufuku wotsatira, iwo kwenikweni mwachindunji linalowererapo mu Chinese chikhalidwe TV topezeka mwa kulenga posts ndi okhutira mwadongosolo osiyana ndi chingwe chimene ndikuyipha kupimidwa (King, Pan, and Roberts 2014) . Tidzaphunzira zambiri za njira experimental mu Chapter 4. Ndiponso, kuwonetsera mutu kuti zidzachitika mu bukhu, izi mavuto amene zobisika-chikhumbo kumasulira zina kuthetsedwa ndi ankaonetsetsa learning-zinapezeka kuti sizachilendo kafukufuku chikhalidwe mu digito m'badwo. Mudzaona zithunzi zikufanana kwambiri Chithunzi 2.3 m'Mutu 3 (Kufunsa mafunso) ndi 5 (Kupanga mgwirizano misa); ndi limodzi la malingaliro angapo amene amapezeka mu machaputala angapo.

Onse atatu Mwachitsanzo izi khalidwe ntchito madalaivala galimoto ku New York, ubwenzi mapangidwe ndi ophunzira, ndi chikhalidwe TV kufufuza khalidwe la Chinese boma amasonyeza kuti osavuta ochuluka deta taona amatha ofufuza kuyesa maulosi ongolankhula. Nthawi zina, deta lalikulu kumakuthandizani kuchita ochuluka limeneli mwachindunji (as mu nkhani ya New York Matakisi). Nthawi zina, akatswiri ayenera kusonkhanitsa awo deta yekha taona (as mu nkhani ya kufufuza Chinese); kuthana ndi incompleteness ndi merging deta pamodzi (monga mmene Intaneti kusanduka); kapena kuchita njira zina zobisika-khalidwe kumasulira (as pa nkhani ya kufufuza Chinese). Monga ine ndikuyembekeza kuti zitsanzo zimenezi, chifukwa ofufuza amene angathe kufunsa mafunso ochititsa chidwi chachikulu nalo lonjezano lalikulu.