2.3.2.6 Akuda

Big magwero deta akhoza yodzaza ndi zonenepetsa ndi sipamu.

Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti deta magwero aakulu, makamaka ku magwero online, ndi oyera chifukwa iwo anasonkhana basi. Ndipotu anthu amene anagwira ntchito magwero aakulu deta amadziwa kuti nthawi zambiri zauve. Ndiko kuti, kawirikawiri monga deta amene salingalira zimene kwenikweni chidwi ofufuza. Asayansi ambiri chikhalidwe ndi kale bwino ndondomeko kukonza zikuluzikulu deta kafukufuku chikhalidwe, koma kukonza lalikulu magwero deta ndi yovuta kwambiri pa zifukwa ziwiri: 1) sanalengedwe ndi ofufuza kwa akatswiri ndi 2) Akatswiri ambiri ali ndi mwayi wochepa kumvetsa mmene zinalengedwa.

Kuopsa kwa deta zauve digito kufufuza ndi tikuziona Back ndi anzake ' (2010) kuphunzira mmene anthu a maganizo ndi matenda September 11, 2001. Akatswiri ambiri kuphunzira poyankha zinthu zoipa pogwiritsa ntchito deta retrospective anasonkhana pa miyezi kapena zaka. Koma, Back ndi anzake anapeza mauthenga nthawi zonse, pa chitsime cha kuda-digito timestamped, basi wolembedwa kuchokera 85.000 American pagers-ndipo zimenezi ofufuza za kuphunzira maganizo pa kwambiri bwino timescale. Back ndi anzake analenga mphindi ndi mphindi maganizo potsatira nthawi ya September 11 ndi wolemba pulogalamu okhutira maganizo mauthenga Pager ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu okhudzana ndi (1) chisoni (mwachitsanzo, kulira, chisoni), (2) nkhawa (mwachitsanzo, nkhawa, mantha), ndi (3) mkwiyo (mwachitsanzo, chidani, wotsutsa). Iwo anapeza kuti chisoni ndi nkhawa fluctuated tsiku lonse popanda chitsanzo amphamvu, koma kunali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu mu mkwiyo tsiku lonse. kafukufuku Zikuoneka kuti fanizo zodabwitsa za mphamvu ya nthawizonse pa magwero deta: kugwiritsa ntchito njira muyezo izo sizingatheke kukhala ndi mkulu-kusamvana kutalika kwa nthawi ya nthaŵi yomweyo nkhani mosayembekezereka.

Patangopita chaka chimodzi Koma Cynthia Pury (2011) anayang'ana pa deta mosamala kwambiri. Iye anapeza kuti ambiri mwa mauthenga amati okwiya anali kwaiye Pager limodzi ndi iwo onse ofanana. Apa pali chimene anthu mauthenga amati adakwiya, nati:

"Kuyambiransoko NT makina [dzina] mu nduna [dzina] pa [location]: yovuta: [tsiku ndi nthawi]"

Mauthenga awa anali olembedwa akuipirwa thangwi kutchula mawu akuti "ovuta", omwe mwina zambiri amasonyeza mkwiyo koma mu nkhani iyi. Kuchotsa mauthenga kwaiye Pager izi single makina kwathunthu kumatha kuwonjezeka amamvekera mkwiyo m'kupita kwa tsiku (Chithunzi 2.2). M'mawu ena, chifukwa chachikulu Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) anali bokosilo wa Pager mmodzi. Chitsanzo chimenechi chikusonyeza kuti osavuta kusanthula deta ndi zovuta ndi chosokonekera lingathe kupita mwakuya cholakwika.

Kuzilingalira 2.2: mumaganiza Akuti mu mkwiyo m'kupita September 11, 2001 zochokera pagers 85,000 American (Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2010; Pury 2011; Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2011) . Poyamba, Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) lipoti chitsanzo cha kuchuluka mkwiyo tsiku lonse. Koma ambiri a Mauthenga akuoneka wokwiya anali kwaiye ndi Pager single mobwerezabwereza anatumiza uthenga otsatirawa: "kuyambiransoko NT makina [dzina] mu nduna [dzina] pa [location]: yovuta: [tsiku ndi nthawi]". Ndi uthenga kuchotsedwa, kuchuluka amamvekera mkwiyo Mwamsanga (Pury 2011; Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2011) . Chithunzi ichi ndi kubalana wa mkuyu 1b mu Pury (2011) .

Pamene deta zonyansa zimene analenga mwangozi monga kwa mmodzi kusokosera Pager-angathe kuonedwa ndi kafukufuku bwino kusamala, palinso zina kachitidwe Intaneti kuti kukopa spammers dala. spammers izi mwachangu kupanga deta yabodza, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimalimbikitsa phindu ntchito mwakhama kusunga spamming awo obisika. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ndale on Twitter Zikuoneka kuti monga ena sipamu maganizo apamwamba, umene zinthu zina ndale dala anapanga kuyang'ana wotchuka kwambiri kuposa iwo kwenikweni (Ratkiewicz et al. 2011) . Akatswiri ntchito deta kuti anyamula dala sipamu zimawavuta wotsimikizika omvera limene wapezeka ndi kuchotsedwa sipamu zogwirizana.

Pomaliza, zomwe amati deta zauve mukhoza m'njira zina pa mafunso anu kafukufuku. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha zambiri Wikipedia analengedwa ndi bots makina (Geiger 2014) . Ngati mukufuna mu zachilengedwe a Wikipedia, ndiye bots ali ofunika. Koma, ngati inu ndi mmene anthu zimathandiza kuti Wikipedia, kusintha anachita ndi bots izi Tisawasale.

Njira yabwino kupewa akupusitsidwa deta zauve ndi kumvetsa mmene deta yanu zinalengedwa kuchita exploratory iwakhudzire, monga kupanga kuwanditsa ziwembu yosavuta.