5.3.3 Zochita ndi Maluso

Muziyang'ana ndi luso amakhala kuitana momasuka kumathandiza setifiketi yoyesa kupeza luso isanafike; izo zikusonyeza kuti mafoni lotseguka angagwiritsidwe ntchito zoposa mavuto kulosera.

Setifiketi yoyesa ndi ntchito mwakhama. Amalandira lalifupi, mafotokozedwe lawyerly a zatsopano, ndipo ayenera kusankha ngati kuyambitsa ananena ndi "buku." Ndiko kuti, amayesa ayenera kusankha ngati pali "isanafike art" -anthu kale anafotokoza Baibulo la ichi chidali kuti movomerezeka ndi akufuna setifiketi opanda pake. Kumvetsa mmene mnjira ntchito, tiyeni tikambirane setifiketi amayesa dzina lake Albert, polemekeza Albert Einstein amene anayambitsa ake Swiss Maluso Office. Albert akalandire ofunsira ngati US Maluso 20070118658 wopita Hewlett Packard kwa "Wosuta-selectable tcheru kasamalidwe mtundu" ndipo anafotokoza zambiri mu buku Beth Noveck a Wiki Government (2009) . Pano pali amanena woyamba ku ntchito:

"A kompyuta chikukhudza: a purosesa; ndi zofunika athandizira / dongosolo linanena bungwe (BIOS) kuphatikizapo malangizo mfundo imene anaphedwa ndi purosesa ndi sintha pa purosesa kuti: kuyambitsa mphamvu mayeso kudzikonda (POST) processing mu zikuluzikulu dongosolo athandizira / linanena bungwe la chipangizo kompyuta; alipo mmodzi kapena angapo akamagwiritsa tcheru kasamalidwe mu mawonekedwe wosuta; kulandira kusankha chizindikiro kwa wosuta mawonekedwe kudzizindikiritsa mmodzi wa akamagwiritsa tcheru kasamalidwe kuperekedwa mu mawonekedwe wosuta; ndipo sintha chipangizo kuphatikizapo dongosolo kompyuta ndi kasamalidwe kuzindikiridwa tcheru mtundu. "

Ayenera Albert mphoto 20 chaka okhawo ufulu setifiketi ichi kapena pakhala luso isanafike? Pamtengo zochita zambiri setifiketi n'zambiri, koma mwatsoka, Albert adzayenera kuchita zimenezi popanda zambiri zimene iye angafunikire. Chifukwa cha backlog yaikulu laisensi, Albert akugwira ntchito pa kwambiri nthawi kuthamanga ndipo ayenera kusankha zochokera maola 20 okha ntchito. Komanso, chifukwa cha kufunika koti akufuna chidali chinsinsi, Albert saloledwa kukaonana ndi akatswiri kunja (Noveck 2006) .

Zimenezi anakantha lamulo pulofesa Beth Noveck monga wosweka kwathunthu. Mu July 2005, anauzira mu mbali mwa Wikipedia, iye analengedwa blog positi lotchedwa "Zochita ndi Maluso: A maganizo odzichepetsa" malowo lotseguka dongosolo anzanu review kwa eni luso. Pambuyo mgwirizano ndi Maluso US ndi chizindikiro Office ndi kutsogolera makampani luso monga IBM, Zochita ndi Maluso unayambitsidwa mu June wa 2007. A pafupifupi 200 chaka malamulo akale boma ndi gulu la maloya zikuwoneka ngati malo chodziwikiratu kupeza luso koma Zochita ndi Maluso amachita ntchito wokondeka bwino chidwi aliyense.

Chithunzi 5,9: Muziyang'ana ndi setifiketi mayendedwe. Source: Bestor and Hamp (2010) .

Apa momwe ntchito (Chithunzi 5.9). Pambuyo inventor angagwirizane kukhala ndi ntchito yake kudutsa review mdera (more chifukwa iye akhoza kuchita izo mu kamphindi), ntchito munthu analemba kuti webusaiti. Kenako, ntchito kukambidwa ndi opereka ndemanga dera (kachiwiri, chifukwa chimene iwo akhoze nawo mphindi a) ndi zitsanzo zotheka luso isanafike ili, annotated, ndipo adakweza kuti webusaiti. mnjira kukambirana, kufufuza, ndi ikukweza akupitiriza, mpaka, potsiriza, m'dera la opereka ndemanga mavoti kusankha pamwamba zidutswa 10 luso amaganiziridwa isanafike kuti ndiye anatumiza kwa setifiketi amayesa kuti review. The setifiketi amayesa ndiye amachititsa kafukufuku wake ndi osakaniza ndi pemphani anzanu ndi Maluso linamasulira chiweruzo.

Akubwerera kachiwiri kwa US Maluso 20070118658 kwa "Wosuta-selectable tcheru kasamalidwe mtundu." Setifiketi Izi zidakwezedwa peertopatent.org mu June 2007 pomwe kuwerenga ndi Steve Pearson, mkulu woyang'anira mapulogalamu zomangamanga kwa IBM. Pearson ankadziwa bwino mbali iyi kufufuza ndi kupeza chidutswa cha luso isanafike: a Buku kuchokera Intel lotchedwa "Amalalikira Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" kuti inafalitsidwa zaka ziwiri izi zisanachitike. Zida chikalata ichi, komanso ena luso isanafike ndi kukambirana kwa anzanu ndi Maluso alimi, ndi setifiketi amayesa anayamba review bwino choncho, ndipo pamapeto pake anataya ndi setifiketi ntchito, mu gawo chifukwa cha Buku Intel kuti inali ndi Pearson (Noveck 2009) . A milandu 66 kuti amaliza Zochita ndi Maluso, pafupifupi 30% anakanidwa makamaka zochokera luso isanafike anapeza mwa Zochita ndi Maluso (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .

N'chiyani chimachititsa kamangidwe ka Zochita ndi Maluso makamaka kaso ndi njira imene afika anthu ndi zinthu zambiri zotsutsana ndi kuvina onse pamodzi. Woyamba ndi woyandikana nawo ili lotseguka setifiketi review chifukwa setifiketi ofesi takambirana ntchito Zochita ndi Maluso mofulumira kuposa eni luso kudutsa mu chikhalidwe, chinsinsi review ndondomeko. Opereka ndemanga ndi woyandikana nawo pofuna kupewa yopereka "eni luso zoipa," ndipo ambiri ankaoneka kuti njira yosangalatsa. Pomaliza, setifiketi ofesi ndi setifiketi yoyesa ndi woyandikana nawo chifukwa likhoza kupanga zotsatira yawo. Ndiko kuti, ngati review ndondomeko wapeza 10 zidutswa zoipa za luso isanafike, ntchitoyi akhoza ananyalanyaza ndi setifiketi amayesa. M'mawu ena, Zochita ndi Maluso ndi setifiketi amayesa ntchito limodzi ayenera kukhala wabwino kusiyana ndi setifiketi amayesa ntchito kwayekha. Choncho, kuyitana lotseguka si nthawi zonse m'malo akatswiri; Nthawi zina amathandiza akatswiri ntchito yawo bwino.

Ngakhale Zochita ndi Maluso zingaoneke zosiyanasiyana Netflix Prize ndi Foldit, lili ndi dongosolo chimodzimodzi njira zimene savuta fufuzani kuposa kupanga. Kamodzi munthu ambabala Buku "Amalalikira Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" ndi mosavuta-kwa setifiketi amayesa, osachepera-kutsimikizira kuti chikalata ichi ndi isanafike art. Komabe, kupeza Buku ovuta kwambiri. Zochita ndi Maluso Zimasonyezanso kuti lotseguka ntchito kuitana zitheka ngakhale pochita si mwachionekere amenable kuti quantification.