5.4.1 eBird

eBird amatenga deta pa mbalame kuchokera birders; ongodzipereka angapereke lonse malo osiyanasiyana kuti palibe kafukufukuyo angakhale ndi.

Mbalame ali paliponse, ndipo ornithologists mukufuna kudziwa kumene mbalame ndi pa mphindi iliyonse. Popeza chotero gulu lazidziwitso wangwiro, ornithologists akanakhoza mafunso ambiri yofunika ya ntchito yawo. Kumene, deta ichi singathe kufotokoza kafukufuku iliyonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuti ornithologists kukhumba deta waphindu ndi kokwanira kwambiri, "birders" -anthu kupita mbalame kuyang'anira anthu basi mowirikiza mbalame kuona ndi Kulemba zimene akuona. madera awiri awa ali ndi mbiri yaitali collaborating, koma tsopano collaborations awa akhala osandulika, mwa m'badwo digito. eBird ndi kuwafalitsa zosonkhanitsira deta ya polojekiti kuti solicits mfundo birders padziko lonse, ndipo alandira kale miliyoni 260 zokha mbalame kuchokera kwa ophunzira 250,000 (Kelling et al. 2015) .

Isanafike kukhazikitsidwa kwa eBird zambiri deta analengedwa ndi birders anali ajambule ofufuza:

"Mu zikwi m'zipinda kuzungulira dziko lero kugona ndi mabuku ambirimbiri, makadi Lembani checklists annotated, ndi zolemba. Enafe nawo mabungwe birding mukudziwa bwino kukhumudwa kumva mobwerezabwereza za 'mbiri mbalame mochedwa amalume anga "Timadziŵa mmene ofunika angakhale. N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti ifenso mukudziwa kuti sitingakhale ntchito. " (Fitzpatrick et al. 2002)

Koposa kukhala ichi deta wapatali kukhala makuponi, eBird chimathandiza birders kweza izo kwa centralized, digito Nawonso achichepere. Data zidakwezedwa eBird lili asanu minda izi: amene, kumene, liti, kodi mitundu, angati, ndi khama. Owerenga sanali birding, 'kuyesetsa "amatanthauza njira ntchito Pochita kuzipenya. macheke Data khalidwe kuyamba ngakhale pamaso deta ndi ndakweza. Birders kuyesera kugonjera zachilendo malipoti monga malipoti a mitundu chosowa kwambiri, udindo wapamwamba kwambiri, kapena nyengo malipoti-ali flagged, ndi webusaiti basi apempha zina zambiri, monga zithunzi. Pambuyo kusonkhanitsa zimenezi zina, malipoti flagged wotumidwa kwa mmodzi wa mazana a akatswiri mongodzipereka m'madera review zina. Pambuyo kufufuza ndi dera katswiri kuphatikizapo zotheka makalata zina ndi birder-mbiri flagged mwina anataya ngati wosadalirika kapena mwalowa eBird Nawonso achichepere (Kelling et al. 2012) . Nawonso achichepere izi panali ndisanabadwe ndiye yomwe aliyense mu dziko ndi Intaneti, ndipo mpaka pano, pafupifupi 100 anzanu kuwunikira mabuku ntchito (Bonney et al. 2014) . eBird chimasonyeza kuti mongodzipereka birders amatha kusonkhanitsa deta kuti lipindulitsa pa kafukufuku weniweni ornithology.

Mmodzi wa chokongola eBird ndi kuti analanda "ntchito" kuti zachitika kale mu nkhani iyi, birding. Mbali izi mozindikira polojekiti kukwaniritsa lonse lopambana. Komabe, "ntchito" chochitidwa ndi birders si ndendende zikufanana ndi deta zofunika ndi ornithologists. Mwachitsanzo, mu eBird, zosonkhanitsira deta anatsimikiza ndi malo birders osati malo a mbalame. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri amakonda kulankhula pafupi misewu (Kelling et al. 2012; Kelling et al. 2015) . Kuwonjezera lafalitsidwa wosiyana khama pa danga, anaona kwenikweni anapanga ndi birders si nthawi yabwino. Mwachitsanzo, ena birders yekha kweza zokhudza mitundu imene iwo amaona chidwi osati kuika zambiri pa mitundu yonse kuti anaona.

eBird ofufuza ndi njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu pa nkhani zimenezi deta quality, mafunso amene angapeze ambiri anagawira ntchito zina zosonkhanitsira deta. Choyamba, eBird ofufuza amangofuna Sinthani khalidwe la deta umene birders. Mwachitsanzo, eBird amapereka maphunziro ophunzira, ndipo analenga zowonetsa deta ophunzira aliyense kuti, linachita awo, yandilimbikitsa birders kweza zokhudza mitundu yonse kuti anati, osati kagawo (Wood et al. 2011; Wiggins 2011) . Chachiwiri, eBird ofufuza ntchito zitsanzo zowerengera kuti amafuna kuti akonze kwa phokoso ndi sakanikira chikhalidwe cha deta yaiwisi. Ndi mpemphero ngati zitsanzo izi zowerengera bwino kuchotsa biases kwa deta, koma ornithologists ndi chikhulupiriro chokwanira mwa khalidwe la deta kusintha eBird kuti, monga anali tanena kale, lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito mabuku pafupifupi 100 anzanu kuwunikira sayansi.

Ambiri sanali ornithologists ndi poyamba amantha kwambiri akamva za eBird kwa nthawi yoyamba. Mu lingaliro langa, gawo la kukayikira zimachokera kwa anthu akuganiza eBird mu njira yolakwika. Anthu ambiri woyamba ndikuganiza "Kodi deta eBird wangwiro?" ndipo yankho ndi mwamtheradi. Komabe, kuti si funso kulondola. funso lamanja, "Pakuti mafunso ena kafukufuku, ndi deta eBird kuposa deta alipo ornithology?" Pakuti funso limeneli yankho ndi lakuti inde, chakuti mafunso ambiri chidwi palibe amawaganizira njira kuti deta anagawira deta.

The ntchito eBird chikusonyeza kuti n'zotheka kuchita odzipereka pa mndandanda wa deta sayansi. Komabe, eBird, ndi kuwafotokozera ntchito, amasonyeza kuti mavuto okhudzana ndi zosankhidwazi ndi deta khalidwe nkhawa chifukwa anagawira ntchito deta. Pamene tiona mu gawo lotsatira, ndi kapangidwe ochenjera ndi luso nkhawa amenewa amachepa zoikamo ena.