5.4.3 Kutsiliza

Anagawira zosonkhanitsira deta n'kotheka, ndipo m'tsogolo mosakayika kumafuna luso ndi nawo chabe.

Monga eBird chikusonyezera, anagawira zosonkhanitsira deta angagwiritsidwe ntchito kafukufuku wa sayansi. Komanso, PhotoCity zikusonyeza kuti mavuto okhudzana ndi zosankhidwazi ndi deta khalidwe zomwe solvable.

Kodi anagawira zosonkhanitsira deta ntchito kufufuza chikhalidwe? A chitsanzo chabwino zimachokera ku ntchito ya Susan Watkins ndi anzake ogwira pa Malawi Magazini Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Mu ntchito iyi, 22 m'deralo anthu otchedwa "atolankhani" -kept "magazini ina" kuti analemba, mwatsatanetsatane, kukambirana iwo anamva za AIDS pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu wamba (pa nthawi ya polojekiti anayamba pafupifupi 15% ya anthu achikulire mu Malawi nako ndi HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Chifukwa cha udindo wawo Insider, atolankhani awa anatha ndimangomvera zokambirana amene ayenera kuti anali kuwerengedwa Susan Watkins ndipo iye othandiza kafukufuku Western (ine kukambirana mwambo lino m'mutu pamene ine ndikupereka malangizo okhudza kapangidwe ka anu misa mgwirizano polojekiti ). The kafukufuku wa Malawi Magazini Project zapangitsa ambiri anapezazo zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, ntchitoyi inayamba, akunja ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti pali chete za AIDS mu sub-Saharan Africa, koma magazini zinasonyeza kuti ichi chinali bwino choncho ayi: atolankhani anamva mazana kukambirana nkhaniyo m'malo osiyanasiyana maliro , mipiringidzo, ndi mipingo. Komanso chikhalidwe cha nkhaniyi anathandiza ofufuza kumvetsa bwino nkhani zina kulimbikira ntchito kondomu; momwe ntchito kondomu anali lathuli mu mauthenga a zaumoyo anali kosagwirizana ndi njira imene ankakambirana tsiku ndi tsiku (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .

Kumene, monga kafukufuku eBird, deta ku Malawi Magazini Project si wangwiro, nkhani tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane ndi Watkins ndi anzake. Mwachitsanzo, pokambirana wolembedwa si chitsanzo mwachisawawa kukambirana n'kotheka. M'malo mwake, iwo ali ndi kalembera chosakwanira kukambirana za AIDS. Kumbali ya khalidwe deta ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti atolankhani awo anali apamwamba atolankhani, umboni ndi kugwirizana mwa magazini ndi kudutsa magazini. Komanso, pamene atolankhani mokwanira ndi kufalitsidwa kakang'ono kolowera mokwanira ndi malipoti kwambiri za nkhani inayake, redundancy anakhala n'kotheka, amene kumawonjezera chikhulupiriro mu khalidwe deta. Mwachitsanzo, wantchito kugonana wotchedwa "Stella" anaonekera kangapo magazini a atolankhani anayi (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Monga izo zinali mu PhotoCity, ntchito redundancy ndi mfundo zofunika kwa potaya ndi kuonetsetsa khalidwe posonkhanitsa deta anagawira ntchito deta. Kuti amange zina yanu yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale, Table 5.3 limasonyeza zitsanzo zina zosonkhanitsira deta anagawira kufufuza chikhalidwe.

Onse zitsanzo zafotokozedwa mu gawo limeneli zokhudza nawo yogwira: atolankhani wolembedwa kukambirana adamva; birders ndakweza birding checklists awo; kapena osewera ndakweza zithunzi zawo. Koma bwanji ngati nawo anali basi ndipo sanafune kuti luso mwachindunji kapena nthawi kugonjera? Ili ndi lonjezano zoperekedwa ndi "cholinga yowunikira" kapena "anthu centric cholinga." Mwachitsanzo, Nakonso Patrol, ntchito ndi asayansi pa MIT, wokwera GPS accelerometers okonzeka mkati cabs galimoto asanu m'dera Boston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Chifukwa galimoto pa Nakonso kumasiya osiyana accelerometer mbendera, zipangizozi, pamene anaika mkati mwa matakisi kusuntha, akhoza kupanga mapu Nakonso wa Boston. Kumene, matakisi musati mosintha kuyesa misewu, koma anapatsidwa matakisi mokwanira, pangakhale okwanira Kuphunzira kupereka zokhudza mbali yaikulu ya iwo mzinda. Chifukwa chachiwiri kachitidwe chabe kuti kudalira luso ndi kuti de A-luso ndondomeko zimathandiza deta: pamene pamafunika luso kulimbikitsa eBird (chifukwa muyenera kukhala wokhoza molondola kudziwa ya mbalame), pamafunika palibe maluso apadera amathandiza kuti Nakonso Patrol.

Kupita kutsogolo, ndikuona kuti deta ambiri deta anagawira ntchito ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito maluso a mafoni amene kale kunyamulidwa ndi mabiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse. mafoni amenewa kale ambiri masensa zofunika choyezera, monga maikolofoni, makamera, zipangizo GPS, ndi mawotchi. Komanso, mafoni amenewa m'manja kuthandiza mapulogalamu lachitatu chipani kuwapangitsa akatswiri ena kulamulira amabweretsera ndondomeko zosonkhanitsira deta. Pomaliza, mafoni amenewa Internet-zamalumikizidwe kukhala kotheka kuti iwo pa-kutsegula deta iwo adzasonkhanitsa. Pali mavuto ambiri luso ku masensa yachinyengo kuti moyo zochepa batire, koma mavuto amenewa ayenera musawachitire pa nthawi luso akufotokozera. Zokhudza chinsinsi ndi chikhalidwe, Komano, mukhoza kupeza zovuta monga luso akufotokozera; Ine kubwerera mafunso a chikhalidwe pamene ine ndikupereka malangizo okhudza kapangidwe ka misa anu mgwirizano.

Mu anagawira ntchito deta, odzipereka amathandiza deta za dziko. njira imeneyi kale ntchito bwinobwino, ndipo ntchito m'tsogolo mosakayikira kuthetsa zosankhidwazi ndi deta khalidwe nkhawa. Mwamwayi, ntchito alipo monga PhotoCity ndi Nakonso Patrol amati njira zothetsera mavutowa. Monga ntchito kwambiri mwayi wa luso limene limathandiza de A-aluso ndi chabe nawo, anagawira zosonkhanitsira deta ntchito ayenera kwambiri kuwonjezera sikelo, zimene ofufuza kusonkhanitsa deta kuti anali chabe pa malire m'mbuyomu.