5.1 Kuyamba
Wikipedia ndi zodabwitsa. A mgwirizano misa odzipereka analenga Buku zinsinsi zimene zili kwa aliyense. The mungachite Wikipedia sunali zinthu zatsopano; kani, izo zinali latsopano mawonekedwe a mgwirizano. M'badwo digito, mwamwayi, zimathandiza m'njira osiyanasiyana mgwirizano. Choncho, tiyenera kudzifunsa kuti: zimene chachikulu sayansi mavuto mavuto kuti ife sangathetse aliyense payekha tingachite tsopano ndiphunzire pamodzi?
Mgwirizano mu kafukufuku si, ndithudi. Zinthu zatsopano Komabe, kuti m'badwo digito chimathandiza mgwirizano ndi kwakukulu zinthu zosiyanasiyana ya anthu: mabiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse ndi Intaneti. Ndimayembekezera kuti atsopano misa collaborations idzapereka zotsatira zodabwitsa chifukwa chabe chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali okhudzidwa komanso chifukwa cha luso osiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro. Kodi tingatani kuti kutchula aliyense ndi Intaneti mu ndondomeko yathu kafukufuku? Kodi mungatani 100 ogwira kafukufuku? Kodi pafupifupi 100,000 aluso othandiza?
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mgwirizano waukulu ndi kompyuta asayansi ambiri m'gulu lawo potengera lalikulu nambala zochokera makhalidwe awo luso (Quinn and Bederson 2011) . Mu chaputala ichi, Koma ine ndikuti Ikani ntchito misa mgwirizano malinga ndi momwe iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kafukufuku chikhalidwe. Makamaka, ine ndikuganiza izo ziri zothandiza kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu ntchito: anthu masovedwe, kuitana lotseguka, ndipo anagawira zosonkhanitsira deta (Chithunzi 5.1).
Ine pofotokoza aliyense wa mitundu mwatsatanetsatane kenako mu chaputala, koma tsopano ine pofotokoza aliyense mwachidule imodzi. Human masovedwe ntchito ndi oyenereradi mavuto zosavuta ntchito-aakulu-ang'ono monga pomanena miliyoni mafano. Izi ndi ntchito zimene m'mbuyomu ayenera kuti anachita ndi ogwira kafukufuku maphunziro a digiri yoyamba. Zopereka musati amafuna luso ntchito zokhudzana ndi linanena bungwe zomalizira ambiri avareji onse zopereka. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za masovedwe ntchito anthu ndi Way Zoo, kumene odzipereka zikwi zana anathandiza asayansi m'kagulu miliyoni nyenyezi. Ntchito Open kuitana ali oyenereradi mavuto kumene mukufuna buku ndi mayankho wosayembekezekawu bwino kukonza mafunso. Izi ndi ntchito zimene kale mwina nawo kufunsa anzake. Zopereka zimene anthu ena amene ali ndi luso ntchito zokhudzana ndi linanena bungwe chomaliza nthawi zambiri koposa zonse zopereka. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za kuitana lotseguka ndi Netflix Prize, komwe zikwi za asayansi ndi hackers ntchito kukhala ma aligorivimu latsopano kulosera mlingo makasitomala 'mafilimu. Pomaliza, anagawira deta ntchito deta ndi oyenereradi a kusonkhanitsa zikuluzikulu deta. Izi ndi ntchito zimene m'mbuyomu ayenera kuti anachita ndi ogwira maphunziro a digiri yoyamba kafukufuku kapena makampani kafukufuku kafukufuku. Zopereka zambiri zimene anthu ena amene mumagwiritsa ntchito malo amene ofufuza satero, ndi chomaliza mankhwala ndi kusonkhanitsa yosavuta zopereka. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za chopereka anagawira deta ndi eBird, imene masauzande odzipereka amathandiza nkhani za mbalame akuona.
Chithunzi 5.1: Misa mgwirizano chojambula. Mutu uwu ndi bungwe kuzungulira njira zitatu zikuluzikulu za mgwirizano misa: anthu masovedwe, kuitana lotseguka, ndipo anagawira zosonkhanitsira deta. More zambiri, mgwirizano misa Chili maganizo m'minda monga nzika sayansi, crowdsourcing, ndi nzeru gulu.
Misa mgwirizano ali kutalitali, wolemera mbiri m'minda monga zakuthambo (Marshall, Lintott, and Fletcher 2015) ndi zachilengedwe (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) , koma si wamba kafukufuku chikhalidwe. Komabe, mwa kufotokoza ntchito bwino ku zinthu zina ndi kupereka ochepa mfundo bungwe, ine ndikuyembekeza kuti kukhulupirira zinthu ziwiri. Choyamba, mgwirizano misa akhoza kugwiritsa kufufuza chikhalidwe. Ndipo, kachiwiri, akatswiri amene ntchito mgwirizano misa adzatha mavuto amene poyamba zinkaoneka ngati zosatheka. Ngakhale mgwirizano misa kawirikawiri analimbikitsa njira ndalama, ndi zambiri kuposa pamenepa. Monga ndidzakusonyeza, mgwirizano misa si monga amatithandiza kafukufuku mtengo, izo amatilola kuchita bwino kafukufuku.
Mu chaputala pansipa, aliyense wa mitundu itatu chachikulu cha mgwirizano waukulu I pofotokoza chitsanzo prototypical; mfundo zofunika zina ndi zitsanzo zina; ndipo potsiriza mmene mawonekedwe a mgwirizano misa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kafukufuku chikhalidwe. mutu lidzatha ndi mfundo zisanu zomwe zingathandize inu kupanga anu misa mgwirizano polojekiti.
