6.4 Four mfundo

Mfundo zinayi zimene zingathandize akatswiri akukumana njakata zikuyenela: Kulemekeza Anthu, Beneficence, Justice, ndipo Kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Public Chidwi.

The mavuto koyenela kuti akatswiri nawo mu m'badwo digito zosiyana penapake kuposa kale. Komabe akuona akhoza kuthana ndi mavuto amenewa ndi kumanga maganizo kale chikumbumtima. Makamaka, ine ndikukhulupirira kuti mfundo malipoti-The awiri Report Belmont (Belmont Report 1979) ndi The Report Menlo (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) -can thandizo ofufuza chifukwa mavuto koyenela kuti maso. Monga ine kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane mu Historical Zakumapeto, onse malipoti amenewa anali zotsatira za Mipikisano chaka deliberations ndi mulitali wa akatswiri ndi mwayi chifukwa athandizira ku zosiyanasiyana okhudzidwa.

Choyamba, mu 1974, poyankha zolephera koyenela ofufuza, monga wotchuka Tuskegee chindoko Phunziro (onani Historical Zakumapeto), ndi US Congress analenga ntchito national kulemba malangizo koyenela kuti kafukufuku wokhudza nkhani anthu. Patatha zaka zinayi msonkhano ku Belmont Center Conference, gulu opangidwa Report ndi Belmont, chikalata wochepa koma wamphamvu. The Report Belmont ndi maziko nzeru Lamulo Common, gulu la malamulo lolamulira nzika anthu kufufuza mabungwe Review matabwa (IRBs) ndi tasked ndi kutsatira (Porter and Koski 2008) .

Kenako mu 2010, poyankha zolephera zikuyenela ofufuza chitetezo kompyuta ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo Report ndi Belmont kufufuza digito m'badwo, pa US Government makamaka Dipatimenti ya kwawo Security-analenga ntchito buluu riboni kulemba mumayesetsa zikuyenela chimango kufufuza zokhudza mauthenga ndi umisiri kulankhulana (ICT). The zotsatira za kuyesayesa anali Report ndi Menlo (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) .

Pamodzi Report Belmont ndi Report ndi Menlo kupereka mfundo zinayi zimene zingathandize deliberations koyenela ofufuza: Kulemekeza Anthu, Beneficence, Justice, ndipo Kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Public Chidwi. Malangizo amenewa anayi kuchita si nthawi zonse zolungama, ndipo kumawonongetsa zinatanthauza zovuta. mfundo Komabe, kuthandiza kumveketsa malonda-offs, amati kusintha kufufuza ziwembu, ndipo powukitsidwa ofufuza kufotokoza maganizo awo wina ndi mzake ndi anthu wamba.