6.5 awiri frameworks zikuyenela
Kutsutsana kwambiri za chikhalidwe kafukufuku kuchepetsa kusagwirizana pakati consequentialism ndi deontology.
Anayi mfundo zimenezi zikuyenela okha makamaka anachokera ku frameworks awiri umboni zikuyenela: consequentialism ndi deontology. Kumvetsa frameworks zimenezi n'kothandiza chifukwa zikuthandizani inu kuzindikira ndipo kukambirana za wina wa ku zolemetsa lalikulu mu chikhalidwe kafukufuku: pamene mungagwiritse ntchito njira zomwe zingakhale kuba kukwaniritsa mapeto abwino.
Consequentialism, chimene chinayamba mu ntchito ya Jeremy Bentham ndi John Stuart Mill, tikunena kutenga zimene zingawachititse kuti states bwino m'dziko (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . Mfundo Beneficence, yomwe imayang'ana kugwirizanitsa chiopsezo ndi ubwino, ndi mizu maganizo consequentialist. Ina dzanja, deontology, chimene chinayamba ntchito Immanuel Kant, tikunena ntchito zikuyenela popanda mavuto awo (Alexander and Moore 2015) . Mfundo Kulemekeza Anthu chomwe chimanena pa kudziyimira pawokha wa ophunzira, ndi mizu maganizo deontological. A njira yachidule ndi zopanda kusiyanitsa zofunikira ziwiri kuti consequentialists kuganizira malekezero ndi deontologists kuganizira njira.
Kuona mmene frameworks awiri awa akhoza kusiyana, ganizirani zambiri chilolezo. frameworks onse akanakhoza kutsimikizira mozindikira chilolezo koma zosiyana. Mtsutso consequentialist kupempha chilolezo mozindikira kuti zimathandiza kupewa zoipa ophunzira mwa kuwalepheretsa kafukufuku kuti si bwino moyenera chiopsezo ndi phindu oyembekezeka. M'mawu ena, maganizo consequentialist adzakhala mozindikira chilolezo chifukwa kumathandiza zakambidwa zoipa kwa ophunzira. Komabe, kukangana deontological kupempha chilolezo mozindikira tikunena ntchito kafukufuku wa kulemekeza kudziyimira pawokha a ophunzira ake. Popeza njira izi, ndi consequentialist koyera angakhale wofunitsitsa kuti waive chofunika kupempha chilolezo zambiri pokhazikitsa pamene panalibe ngozi, pamene deontologist woyera mwina satero.
Onse consequentialism ndi deontology kupereka zofunika zikuyenela nzeru, koma aliyense angathe kumwedwa monyanyira chotheka. Pakuti consequentialism, mmodzi wa milandu kwambiri angatchedwe kumuika. Tangoganizani dokotala amene ali odwala asanu kufa kulephera limba ndi mmodzi wodwala wathanzi ziwalo zawo akhoza kupulumutsa onse asanu. Mu zinthu zina, dokotala consequenalist adzaloledwa komanso kufunika-kupha wodwalayo wathanzi kupeza ziwalo zake. Izi zipangitsa kotheratu malekezero, mosatengera kuti njira, ndi olakwika.
Mofananamo, deontology angathe kumwedwa monyanyira zovuta, monga ngati kuti angatchedwe Timebomb. Tangoganizani wapolisi wina amene anagwidwa ndi zigawenga amene akudziwa malo a ikugunda chopita timebomb kuti adzapha anthu ambirimbiri. A wapolisi deontological kodi kunama kuti tsenga zigawenga mu kuwulula malo bomba. Izi zipangitsa wathunthu pa njira, popanda ponena za malekezero, komanso ndi olakwika.
Zochita akatswiri ambiri chikhalidwe wonse akukumbatirana posakaniza frameworks awiriwa abwino. Atazindikira aziphatikiza ili sukulu zikuyenela kumathandiza kumveketsa chifukwa ambiri zikuyenela kutsutsana-amene amakhala pakati ena amene consequentialist ndi ena amene deontological-musati patsogolo kwambiri. kutsutsana izi kawirikawiri kuthetsa chifukwa consequentialists kupereka mfundo za malekezero, mikangano si umboni kuti deontologists amene akuda nkhawa njira. Mofananamo, deontologists amakonda kupereka zifukwa za njira, amene si umboni kuti consequentialists amene lolunjika pa malekezero. Mikangano pakati consequentialists ndi deontologists ali ngati zombo ziwiri kudutsa mu usiku.
njira imodzi kutsutsana zimenezi zingakhale kwa akatswiri chikhalidwe kukhala mokhazikika, makhalidwe olimba, ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito posakaniza consequentialism ndi deontology. Mwatsoka, ndicho chodziwikiratu kuti chichitike; anzeru akhala akugwira mavuto amenewa kwa nthawi yaitali. Choncho, ine ndikuganiza yekha zochita ndi kuvomereza kuti ndife ntchito ku maziko kosagwirizana ndi muddle patsogolo.
