6.6.3 Cisinsi

Zachinsinsi ndi ufulu otaya yoyenera zambiri.

Mbali yachitatu imene ofufuza kumaganiza ndi zachinsinsi. Monga Lowrance (2012) ananenera ndithu momveka: ". Chinsinsi ayenera kulemekezedwa chifukwa anthu ayenera kulemekezedwa" Chinsinsi Komabe, otchuka ndi chosokonekera lingaliro (Nissenbaum 2010, Ch. 4) , ndipo zimenezi zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito pamene akuyesa kusankha zenizeni za kafukufuku.

A njira wamba kuganiza za chinsinsi ndi poyera / dichotomy payekha. Mwa njira imeneyi amaganizira, ngati uthenga poyera Kufikika, ndiye angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri popanda nkhawa chophwanya zachinsinsi anthu. Koma njira imeneyi ikhoza kuyenda mu mavuto. Mwachitsanzo, mu November 2007 Costas Panagopoulos adabulusa anthu onsene m'matawuni atatu kalata za adziwitse pa chisankho. M'matawuni-Monticello awiri, Iowa ndi Holland, Michigan-Panagopoulos analonjeza / anaopseza kufalitsa mndandanda wa anthu amene amachoka mu nyuzipepala. Mu ena kam'matauni Ely, Iowa-Panagopoulos analonjeza / anaopseza kufalitsa mndandanda wa anthu amene anali amachoka mu nyuzipepala. Mankhwala awa anakonzedwa kupangira kunyada ndi manyazi (Panagopoulos 2010) chifukwa maganizo amenewa anapeza kuti zimakhudzira turnout mu maphunziro kale (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Information za amene mavoti ndi omwe alibe ndi boma mu United States; aliyense angathe kulumikiza izo. Choncho, amene anganyoze kuti chifukwa mudziwe kukavota kale poyera, palibe vuto ndi kafukufuku amene akufalitsa izo mu nyuzipepala. Komano, chinachake za mfundo zimene akuona cholakwika kwa anthu ambiri.

Chitsanzo chimenechi chikusonyeza kuti anthu / dichotomy payekha kwambiri yosamveka (boyd and Crawford 2012; Markham and Buchanan 2012) . A njira yabwino kuganiza za chinsisi, mmodzi zakonzedwa kuti kusamalira zinatchulidwa ndi m'badwo digito, lingaliro la contextual kukhulupirika (Nissenbaum 2010) . M'malo kuganizira mfundo pagulu kapena mwachinsinsi, contextual okhulupirika akunena za utuluke zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri adzakhala unbothered ngati dokotala nawo mayina awo thanzi ndi dokotala wina koma akhoza kukhala osasangalala ngati dokotala anagulitsa mfundo yomweyi kuti kampani malonda. Choncho, malinga ndi Nissenbaum (2010) , "ndi ufulu wa chinsinsi mulibe ufulu mobisa kapena ufulu woteteza koma ufulu otaya yoyenera zambiri zanu."

Mfundo zikuluzikulu zakuya contextual wokhulupirika ndi nkhani-wachibale pazankhani malamulo (Nissenbaum 2010) . Amenewa ndiwo malamulo amene amalamulira utuluke mwa mfundo zoikamo enieni, ndipo anatsimikiza ndi magawo atatu:

• zisudzo (phunziro, sender, wolandira)
• Malingaliro (mitundu ya nkhani)
• HIV mfundo (zopinga pa mfundo zake umayenda)

Choncho, pamene inu monga katswiriyu ndi kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito deta popanda chilolezo ndi bwino kudzifunsa kuti, 'Kodi ntchito imeneyi zimaipitsa nkhani-wachibale pazankhani malamulo? "Kubwerera ku nkhani ya Panagopoulos (2010) , mu nkhani iyi, kukhala kunja wofufuza kufalitsa mndandanda wa adzaponye chisanko ina adzaponye chisanko mu nyuzipepala Zikuoneka kuti asaswe malamulo pazankhani. Ndipotu, Panagopoulos sanatsatire mwa lonjezo lake / vuto chifukwa akuluakulu kusankha kumeneko linayamba makalatawo kwa iye ndipo anamukakamiza iye kuti si bwino (Issenberg 2012, 307) .

M'malo ena Komabe, kuganizira za malamulo nkhani-wachibale pazankhani amafuna mowonjezera kuganizira. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tionenso mwayi pogwiritsa ntchito foni kuitana mitengo younikira kuyenda pa mliri Ebola mu Africa West mu 2014, nkhani imene I takambirana kumayambiriro kwa chaputala ichi (Wesolowski et al. 2014) . Choncho, tikhoza kuganiza zinthu ziwiri zosiyana:

• Zinthu 1: kutumiza wathunthu deta kuitana chipika [makhalidwe]; maboma a chosakwanira umayenda [zisudzo]; tsogolo lililonse zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito [HIV mfundo]
• Zinthu 2: kutumiza pang'ono anonymized mbiri [makhalidwe]; ofufuza kulemekezedwa yunivesite [zisudzo]; ntchito poyankha inayamba Ebola ndi phunziro kwa woyang'anira yunivesite matabwa zikuyenela [HIV mfundo]

Ngakhale mu zonse zimene kuitana deta akuyenderera kuchokera kampani, za malamulo pazankhani za zinthu ziwiri izi sizili zofanana chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa zisudzo ndi makhalidwe ndi mfundo kufala nawo. Moganizira limodzi lokha la magawo amenewa kungachititse kuti sakhudzidwa simplistic posankha zochita. Ndipotu, Nissenbaum (2015) motsindika kuti palibe magawo atatu awa akhoza kusanduka ena, kapena aliyense wa iwo payekha chimatanthauza malamulo pazankhani. Chibadwa atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena za malamulo pazankhani akufotokozera chifukwa m'mbuyomu atayesetsa amene lolunjika pa makhalidwe kapena kufala mfundo sinathe pa wogonjetsa wamba kulingalira maganizo a chinsinsi.

Vuto lina ndi ntchito mfundo za malamulo nkhani-wachibale pazankhani zosankha ndi zimene ofufuza mukhoza kuwadziwa iwo pasadakhale ndipo ndi ovuta kwambiri kuyeza (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) . Komanso, ngakhale kafukufuku chosemphana contextual-wachibale malamulo pazankhani kuti si zikutanthauza kuti pa kafukufuku siziyenera kuchitika. Ndipotu, Chapter 8 Nissenbaum (2010) kotheratu za "kuphwanya malamulo Zabwino." Ngakhale mavuto amenewa, nkhani-wachibale malamulo pazankhani akadali ndi njira zothandiza kwambiri kuganizira za mafunso okhudza chinsinsi.

Pomaliza, chinsinsi ndi mbali imene ine ndawonapo kusamvana ambiri pakati pa akatswiri amene kusankha Kulemekeza Anthu ndi amene kusankha Beneficence. Taganizirani nkhani ya wofufuza zaumoyo amene mobisa akungoyang'ana anthu kutenga yamvumbi chifukwa kumvetsa ukhondo ndi chinsinsi kuteteza kufala kwa buku matenda opatsirana. Akatswiri moganizira Beneficence udzakhudza madera ubwino wa magulu kafukufuku zimenezi ndipo mwina amati palibe vuto kuti ophunzira ngati kafukufuku amachitira akazitape popanda kudziwika. Komano, akatswiri amene kusankha Kulemekeza Anthu udzakhudza madera a chakuti kafukufuku si kuchitira anthu ulemu ndi akuchitira kuchita nawo mavuto ndi kuswa m'nkhani zawo. Mwatsoka, n'kovuta kuthetsa maganizo otsutsana a imeneyi (ngakhale yabwino yothetsera nkhaniyi mwina ingokhalani kupempha chilolezo).

Pomaliza, pamene kuganiza za chinsisi, ndi bwino kusuntha kupitirira sakhudzidwa simplistic boma / dichotomy payekha ndi kukambirana m'malo za malamulo nkhani-wachibale pazankhani, amene anapanga mbali zitatu: zisudzo (phunziro, sender, wolandira), zikhumbo (mitundu ya nkhani), ndipo mfundo HIV (zopinga pa mfundo zake umayenda) (Nissenbaum 2010) . Akatswiri ena kupenda zachinsinsi mawu a choipa chimene chingachokere ndi kuphwanya zachinsinsi, pamene ofufuza ena amaona kuphwanya zachinsinsi monga nkhanza ndi palokha. Chifukwa ziphunzitso za chinsinsi mu kachitidwe ambiri digito kusintha pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kwa anthu osiyanasiyana, ndipo zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) , chinsinsi angakhale gwero la zosankha zovuta koyenela kuti akatswiri ena nthawi.