3.6.2 Unakhala kufunsa

Ngakhale zingakhale chosokonekera, Polemeretsedwa kufunsa angathe kukhala amphamvu.

A njira ina kukachita ndi incompleteness wa kufufuza deta digito ndi zathu mwachindunji deta ndi kafukufuku, ntchito zimene Ine adzayitana Polemeretsedwa kufunsa. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha kufunsa Unakhala ndi kuphunzira Burke and Kraut (2014) , amene ine yafotokozedwa koyambirira kwa mutu (Ndime 3.2), ngati zimavuta pa Facebook kumawonjezera ubwenzi mphamvu. Zikatero, Burke ndi Kraut pamodzi deta kafukufuku ndi Facebook deta chipika.

Kolowera kuti Burke ndi Kraut anali kugwira Koma anatanthauza kuti samayenera kulimbana ndi mavuto aakulu awiri kuti akatswiri kuchita Polemeretsedwa kufunsa nkhope. Choyamba, makamaka yolumikiza pamodzi deta waika kuyenera wotchedwa mbiri Mgwirizano, ndi ofananira wa mbiri mu gulu lazidziwitso wina ndi mbiri yoyenera mu zina gulu lazidziwitso-yovuta komanso zolakwa mosabvuta (ife tiwona chitsanzo cha vutoli m'munsimu ). The yachiwiri yaikulu vuto la kufunsa Unakhala kuti khalidwe la kuda digito adzakhala nthawi zambiri zovuta ofufuza kuwunika. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina njira yokhayo yomwe iwo asonkhana ndi kampani ndipo akanakhoza kukhala atengeke ambiri mwa mavuto anafotokoza mu Chapter 2. Kunena kwina, Polemeretsedwa kufunsa adzakhala nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza zolakwa mosabvuta kulumikiza Kafukufuku magwero deta wakuda bokosi la osadziwika khalidwe. Ngakhale nkhawa kuti mavuto awiriwa timathandiza, n'zotheka kafukufuku chofunika ndi njira imeneyi monga zinasonyeza Stephen Ansolabehere ndi Eitan Hersh (2012) mu kafukufuku pa kukavota dongosolo mu US. N'kopindulitsa tipite phunziroli mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa ambiri njira imene Ansolabehere ndi Hersh anayamba akhala akugwira mu ntchito zina kufunsa Unakhala.

Oponya mavoti turnout wakhala phunziro la kafukufuku zambiri sayansi ndale, ndi m'mbuyomu, kumvetsa ofufuza 'a amene mavoti ndi chifukwa amagwiritsidwa chagonera pa kusanthula deta kafukufuku. Kuvota pa US Koma ndi khalidwe wodabwitsa mbiri boma ngati aliyense Nzika ili anavotera (kumene, boma sakufotokoza amene aliyense mavoti nzika chifukwa). Kwa zaka zambiri, awa mbiri boma kukavota analipo pa mitundu pepala, anamwazikana mu maofesi osiyanasiyana a boma m'dziko lonselo. Izi zinkachititsa, koma kosatheka, chifukwa asayansi ndale ndi chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha oponya voti ndi kuyerekeza zimene anthu amanena pa fomu za Kuvota kwa kukavota yawo khalidwe (Ansolabehere and Hersh 2012) .

Koma, tsopano zochitika Kuvota akhala digitized, ndipo angapo makampani kuti mwadongosolo amatengedwa ndi ophatikizidwa zochitika kukavota kubala owona mabuku mbuye kukavota kuti kulemba kukavota khalidwe la America onse. Ansolabehere ndi Hersh partnered ndi mmodzi mwa makampani-Catalist izi LCC-kuti ntchito mbuye wawo kukavota file kuthandiza kukhala ndi chithunzi bwino oponya voti. Komanso, chifukwa anadalira mbiri digito n'kuwaika curated ndi kampani, inapereka angapo ubwino pa khama wapitawu ofufuza kuti chidachitika popanda thandizo la ma ntchito zolemba analogi.

Ngati ambiri a magwero digito kufufuza mu Chapter 2, Catalist mbuye file sanalembe zambiri zaziwerengero, kaganizidwe, ndi khalidwe mudziwe kuti Ansolabehere ndi Hersh zofunika. Kuwonjezera zimenezi, Ansolabehere ndi Hersh anali nawo kuyerekeza lipoti kukavota khalidwe kwa linatsimikizidwa kukavota khalidwe (ie, mfundo ndi Catalist Nawonso achichepere). Choncho, akatswiri anasonkhana deta kuti akufuna kukhala mbali ya Cooperative Phunziro Congressional zisankho (CCES), lalikulu chikhalidwe kafukufuku. Kenako ofufuza anapereka deta izi kwa Catalist, ndi Catalist anapereka ofufuza za kumbuyo ndi deta ophatikizidwa file kuti ntchitoyi linatsimikizidwa kukavota khalidwe (kuchokera Catalist), zinthu lipoti kukavota khalidwe (kuchokera CCES) ndi chiwerengero komanso maganizo amene anafunsidwa (kuchokera CCES ). M'mawu ena, Ansolabehere ndi Hersh Polemeretsedwa deta kukavota deta ndi kafukufuku, ndi chifukwa ophatikizidwa file zimawathandiza kuchita chinachake kuti ngakhale file chinathandiza payekha.

Ndi zawachitikira pa Catalist mbuye deta file deta ndi kafukufuku, Ansolabehere ndi Hersh anabwera mfundo zitatu zofunika. Choyamba, pa-malipoti a kukavota kuli ponseponse: pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe sanali adzaponye chisanko lipoti kukavota. Kapena njira ina akuyang'ana pa izo ngati munthu lipoti kukavota, pali chabe mwayi 80% kuti kwenikweni anavota. Chachiwiri, pa-malipoti si mwachisawawa; pa-malipoti ndi wamba pakati-ndalama mkulu, ophunzira, partisans amene zikugwira zokhudza anthu. M'mawu ena, anthu amene amayamba kuvota nawonso ambiri ayenera kugona za kukavota. Chachitatu, ndipo ambiri otsutsa, chifukwa cha chibadwa mwadongosolo pa-malipoti, kusiyana kwenikweni pakati adzaponye chisanko ndipo sanali adzaponye chisanko amakhala aang'ono kwambiri kuposa iwo amaoneka basi kuchokera kafukufuku. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ndi digiri bachelors pafupifupi 22 kuchuluka mfundo zambiri lipoti kukavota, koma anthu 10 okha mfundo zambiri voti enieni. Komanso, alipo mfundo zothandiza ofotokoza za kukavota bwino kwambiri pa akuneneratu amene lipoti kukavota kuposa amene mavoti, ndi kupeza wazotsatira kuti zimafuna mfundo yatsopano kumvetsa ndi kulosera kukavota.

Koma, mmene tiyenera kukhulupirira zotsatira? Kumbukirani Zotsatira zimadalira zolakwa mosabvuta kulumikiza kwa deta wakuda bokosi ndi ndalama osadziwika zolakwa. Komanso mwapadera, zotsatira hinge pa masitepe awiri ofunika: 1) luso Catalist kuphatikiza ambiri anthuwo deta magwero kubala molondola mbuye datafile ndi 2) mphamvu ya Catalist yolumikizana deta kafukufuku kwa mbuye wake datafile. Aliyense wa zimenezi ndi kovuta ndi zolakwa pa mapazi mwina zingachititse ofufuza za molakwika. Komabe, deta onse processing ndi yofananira ofunika kwambiri kuti kuli anapitirizabe Catalist ngati kampani tingathe aganyali chuma pothetsa mavutowa, nthawi zambiri pamlingo palibe zamaphunziro kafukufuku payekha kapena gulu la akatswiri angakhale ndi. Mu kuwerenga zambiri kumapeto kwa mutuwo, ine pofotokoza mavuto amenewa mwatsatanetsatane ndi mmene Ansolabehere ndi Hersh chidaliro mu zotsatira zawo. Ngakhale zinthu zimenezi zimayenera kukhala zachindunji phunziro ili, nkhani zofanana ndi zimenezi adzawuka kwa akatswiri ena pofuna akulumikiza wakuda bokosi digito kufufuza magwero deta.

ndi maphunziro ambiri ofufuza lotani phunziroli chiyani? Choyamba, pali phindu lalikulu kwa zawachitikira kuda digito deta ndi kafukufuku. Chachiwiri, ngakhale izi aggregated, malonda magwero deta sitiyenera kuziona "pansi choonadi", nthawi zina angathe kukhala zothandiza. Ndipotu, ndi bwino kuyerekeza izi magwero deta si Choonadi Mtheradi (imene nthawi zonse operewera). Koma ndi bwino kuyerekeza kuti zilipo zina deta, amene nthaŵi zonse ndi zolakwa ndiponso.