3.5.1 zachilengedwe kuwunika akanthawi
Akatswiri akhoza kuwaza mmwamba kafukufuku zazikulu ndi kuwaza iwo mu miyoyo wa anthu.
Zachilengedwe akanthawi kuwunika (EMA) kumaphatikizapo kutenga Kafukufuku chikhalidwe, akuigwiritsa iwo mu zidutswa, ndi kuwaza iwo mu miyoyo ya ophunzira. Motero, mafunso kafukufuku tingafunse pa nthawi yoyenera ndi malo, osati nthawi yaitali milungu kuyankhulana zinthuzo zachitika.
EMA amakhala ndi mbali zinayi: (1) zosonkhanitsira deta mapangidwe zenizeni dziko; (2) kuwunika ofotokoza anthu 'limati panopa kapena posachedwapa kapena makhalidwe; (3) kuwunika kuti akhale chochitika ofotokoza nthawi ofotokoza, kapena mosintha chinachititsa (malingana ndi funso kafukufuku); ndipo (4) akamaliza kuwunika angapo pa nthawi (Stone and Shiffman 1994) . EMA ndi njira kufunsa kuti ntchito kwambiri mafoni anzeru kuti anthu kucheza ndi pafupipafupi tsiku lonse. Komanso, chifukwa mafoni anzeru ali odzaza ndi masensa monga GPS ndi accelerometers-kumakhala kotheka hule miyezo pogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, foni anzeru akhoza analinganiza kuti hule funso kafukufuku ngati woyankha amapita ku m'dera makamaka.
lonjezo la EMA ndi mwabwino tikuziona kufufuza zolemba pamaphunziro a Naomi Sugie. Kuyambira 1970 a United States wakhala kwambiri ambiri a anthu kuti ndende. Monga cha 2005, pafupifupi 500 alionse ku America 100,000 anali m'ndende, mlingo m'ndende kuposa kwina kulikonse mu dziko (Wakefield and Uggen 2010) . Kuwonjezereka chiwerengero cha anthu kulowa m'ndende nayenso kutulutsa funde chiwerengero cha anthu kundende; pafupifupi 700,000 anthu kusiya m'ndende chaka (Wakefield and Uggen 2010) . Izi wakale olakwa ndi mavuto aakulu pa kundende, ndipo mwatsoka, ambiri amangoyamba mmbuyo mu ndende. Kuti timvetse ndi kuchepetsa recidivism, asayansi chikhalidwe ndi amakhazikitsa malamulo ayenera kumvetsa zimene zinachitikira wakale olakwa monga iwo adzathe kulowa anthu. Komabe, deta awa zovuta kusonkhanitsa ndi njira muyezo kafukufuku chifukwa wakale olakwa amakhala ovuta kuphunzira ndi miyoyo yawo sinkakhala. Njira muyeso kuti atumiza Kafukufuku pakapita miyezi kuphonya ndalama yaikulu kwambiri mphamvu mu miyoyo yawo (Sugie 2016) .
Pofuna kuphunzira kukonzanso kulowa m'kati wakale olakwa mwadongosolo kwambiri, Sugie anatenga muyezo Mwina chitsanzo cha anthu 131 kuchokera mndandanda wa anthu kundende ku Newark, New Jersey. Iye anapatsa ophunzira aliyense ndi foni anzeru amene anakhala wolemera zosonkhanitsira deta nsanja. Sugie ntchito mafoni kupereka mitundu iwiri ya kafukufuku. Choyamba, iye anatumiza "zinachitikira zosankhidwazi kafukufuku" pa nthawi osankhidwa mwachisawawa pakati 9am ndi 6pm pofunsa ophunzira za ntchito zawo panopa ndi maganizo. Chachiwiri, nthawi ya 7pm, iye anatumiza "Kafukufuku tsiku ndi tsiku" kufunsa za ntchito zonse za tsiku limenelo. Pamodzi Kafukufuku awiriwa kupereka zambiri deta kotenga za m'moyo wa awa wakale olakwa.
Kuwonjezera Kafukufuku zimenezi, mafoni wolembedwa malo malo osiyanasiyana pa nthaŵi ndipo anapitiriza mbiri encrypted kuitana ndi lemba pambuyo-deta. Zonsezi zosonkhanitsira deta, makamaka chabe zosonkhanitsira deta, zikutipatsa mafunso ena zachinyengo, koma mamangidwe Sugie amagwira bwino. Sugie analandira watanthauzo mozindikira chilolezo kwa ophunzira aliyense kuti izi zosonkhanitsira deta, ntchito protections chitetezo yoyenera ndiponso kuti ophunzira zimitsani ndi kutsatira malo. Komanso, pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo anakakamizika Kuwulura deta (mwachitsanzo, ndi subpoena ndi apolisi), Sugie analandira Certificate wa Chinsinsi ku boma pamaso deta aliyense anasonkhana (Beskow, Dame, and Costello 2008; Wolf et al. 2012) . njira Sugie anali kuwunikira ndi wachitatu chipani (yunivesite wake mabungwe Review Board), ndipo iwo anapita akutali zimene m'malamulo alipo. Mwaichi, ine ndikuganiza ntchito yake kupereka chitsanzo wapatali kwa akatswiri ena akukumana ndi mavuto omwewa; onani Sugie (2014) ndi Sugie (2016) kuti mumve zambiri.
luso akule ndi kugwira ntchito ya- n'kofunika bwino ndondomeko reentry. Komabe, Sugie kuti ntchito zinachitikira ophunzira ake anali mwamwayi sukhalitsa, ndi ayi. Komanso, mwa ophunzira dziwe ake, panali dongosolo anayi osiyana: "oyambirira kuchoka" (amene kuyamba kufunafuna ntchito koma kusiya msika ntchito), "kufufuza wolimbikira" (amene yambiri nthawi kufunafuna ntchito) "mobwerezabwereza ntchito" (amene yambiri nthawi ya ntchito), ndi "otsika Poyankha" (amene salabadira akufufuza zonse). Komanso, Sugie ankafuna kudziwa zambiri za anthu amene kusiya kufunafuna ntchito. n'kutheka kuti chopeza izi mtima ndi maganizo ndipo kenako kusiya msika ntchito. Pozindikira kuti zimenezi, Sugie ntchito kafukufuku wake kusonkhanitsa deta za boma maganizo a ophunzira, ndipo anapeza kuti gulu "oyambirira kuchoka" sanauze misinkhu apamwamba a maganizo kapena kukhumudwa. M'malo mwake, sizinali choncho: amene anapitiriza kufunafuna ntchito lipoti maganizo kwambiri cha kuvutika maganizo. Zonse zabwino-grained, kotenga mfundo za makhalidwe ndi boma maganizo a wakale olakwa n'kofunika luntha zotchinga amakumana ndi easing kusintha yawo kubwerera anthu. Ndiponso, mfundo zabwino-grained Tikadakhala anasowa kafukufuku muyezo.
Pali zinthu zitatu ambiri ntchito Sugie ali. Choyamba, njira yatsopano ndi kufunsa kwathunthu yogwirizana ndi njira za makolo a zosankhidwazi; kukumbukira, kuti Sugie anatenga muyezo Mwina chitsanzo ochokera kwa kumatanthauza chimango anthu. Chachiwiri, mkulu-pafupipafupi, kotenga miyezo akhoza kukhala chofunika kwambiri pophunzira zokumana nazo zosangalatsa zomwe sapita ndi zazikulu. Chachitatu, pamene deta kafukufuku ali pamodzi ndi kuda digito, zina nkhani zikuyenela angabuke. Ine kuchitira chikhalidwe kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane mu Chapter 6, koma ntchito Sugie zimasonyeza kuti nkhani zimenezi zili addressable ndi ofufuza chikumbumtima ndi woganiza.
