4.5.4 ndi amphamvu

Partnering akhoza kuchepetsa ndi kuwonjezera sikelo, koma angasinthe yonse ya ophunzira, mankhwala ndi zotsatira zake zimene mungagwiritse ntchito.

Njira yodzichitira nokha ikugwirizana ndi gulu lamphamvu monga kampani, boma, kapena NGO. Ubwino wogwira ntchito ndi mnzanu ndikuti akhoza kukuthandizani kuyesa mayesero omwe simungathe kuchita nokha. Mwachitsanzo, chimodzi mwa mayesero omwe ndidzakuwuzani za m'munsimu ndi ophatikizidwa 61 miliyoni - palibe wofufuza wina amene angakwanitse kuchita izi. Panthawi imodzimodzi yomwe kuyanjana kumakula zomwe mungachite, zimakulepheretsani. Mwachitsanzo, makampani ambiri sadzakulolani kuyendetsa mayesero omwe angawononge bizinesi yawo kapena mbiri yawo. Kugwira ntchito ndi abwenzi kumatanthauzanso kuti pakubwera nthawi yosindikizira, mukhoza kukakamizidwa kuti "mukhazikike" zotsatira zanu, ndipo abwenzi ena angayese kuletsa ntchito yanu ngati akuwoneka ngati oipa. Potsiriza, kuyanjana kumabweranso ndi ndalama zokhudzana ndi kukula ndi kusunga maubwenzi awa.

Chovuta chachikulu chimene chiyenera kuthetsedwa kuti mgwirizanowu ukhale wopambana ndikupeza njira yothetsera zofuna za onse awiri, ndipo njira yothandiza yoganizira zazomweyo ndi Pasteur's Quadrant (Stokes 1997) . Ochita kafukufuku ambiri amaganiza kuti ngati akugwira ntchito yothandiza-chinthu chomwe chingakhale chosangalatsa kwa mnzanu-ndiye sangathe kuchita sayansi yeniyeni. Kulingalira kotereku kumapangitsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kupanga mgwirizano wabwino, ndipo zimakhalanso zolakwika. Vuto ndi njirayi yolingalira ndifanizidwe bwino kwambiri ndi kufufuza njira zopangira njira ya Louis Pasteur. Pamene akugwira ntchito yowonjezera malonda kuti asinthe mowa wa beet mu mowa, pasteur adapeza gulu latsopano la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda lomwe potsirizira pake linayambitsa matenda a matenda. Kupeza kumeneku kunathetsa vuto lothandiza kwambiri-linathandiza kusintha kayendedwe ka nayonso-ndipo kunapangitsa kuti asayansi apite patsogolo. Kotero, osati kuganizira za kafukufuku ndi ntchito zowona ngati kuti zikutsutsana ndi kufufuza koona kwa sayansi, ndibwino kuganiza za izi ngati miyeso iwiri yosiyana. Kafukufuku akhoza kutengeka ndi ntchito (kapena ayi), ndipo kafukufuku akhoza kufunafuna kumvetsetsa kwenikweni (kapena ayi). Mwachidziwitso, kufufuza kwina monga Pasteur-kungalimbikitsidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kufunafuna kumvetsetsa kwakukulu (chithunzi 4.17). Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku wa Pasteur wa Quadrant omwe amapititsa patsogolo zolinga ziŵiri-ndizofunikira kuyanjana pakati pa ofufuza ndi anzawo. Kuchokera kumbuyoko, ine ndifotokoza zochitika ziwiri zoyesera ndi mgwirizano: wina ndi kampani ndi wina ndi NGO.

Chithunzi 4.17: Quadrant Pasteur (Stokes 1997) . M'malo moganizira za kafukufuku monga "zofunikira" kapena "kugwiritsidwa ntchito," ndi bwino kuganizira izi chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito (kapena ayi) ndi kufunafuna kumvetsetsa kwenikweni (kapena ayi). Chitsanzo cha kafufuzidwe zomwe zonsezi zimakhudzidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndikufuna kumvetsetsa kwakukulu ndi ntchito ya Pasteur potembenuza madzi a beet kukhala mowa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a matenda. Uwu ndi mtundu wa ntchito yomwe ingakhale yoyenerera bwino kuti uyanjana ndi amphamvu. Zitsanzo za ntchito zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ntchito koma zomwe sizikufuna kumvetsetsa kwenikweni zimachokera kwa Thomas Edison, ndi zitsanzo za ntchito zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ntchito koma zomwe zimafuna kuzindikira zimachokera kwa Niels Bohr. Onani Stokes (1997) kuti mukambirane mokwanira za zochitikazi komanso milandu yonseyi. Kuchokera ku Stokes (1997) , chiwerengero cha 3.5.

Makampani aakulu, makamaka makampani opanga chitukuko, athandiza njira zosavuta kwambiri kuti azitha kuyesera zovuta. M'makampani opanga zamakono, kafukufukuyu amatchedwa kuyesa A / B chifukwa amayerekezera kupambana kwa mankhwala awiri: A ndi B. Zowonongeka zoterezi zimayendetsedwa pa zinthu monga kukula kwowonjezera phindu pa malonda, koma zowonongeka zomwezo zimatha kagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kafukufuku yemwe amapititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwa sayansi. Chitsanzo chomwe chikuwonetsera kuthekera kwa kafukufuku wamtundu uwu ndi phunziro lomwe linagwirizanitsidwa ndi mgwirizano pakati pa ofufuza pa Facebook ndi University of California, San Diego, pa zotsatira za mauthenga osiyanasiyana pa kutsegulira voti (Bond et al. 2012) .

Pa November 2, 2010-tsiku la chisankho cha US - onse 61 miliyoni ogwiritsa ntchito Facebook omwe amakhala ku United States ndipo ali ndi zaka 18 kapena kupambana adayesetsa kuyesa. Pobwera pa Facebook, ogwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji anapatsidwa gawo limodzi mwa magulu atatu, omwe adatsimikizira kuti banner (ngati alipo) anaikidwa pamwamba pa News Feed (Chithunzi cha 4.18):

• gulu lolamulira
• uthenga wokhudzana ndi kuvota ndi batani loti "Ine Wotchuka" ndi loyesa (Info)
• uthenga wokhudzana ndi kuvota ndi batani la "Iti Wotchuka" ndi maina ena komanso zithunzi za anzanu omwe anali atasindikiza kale "Ndemanga" (Info + Social)

Chigwirizano ndi ogwirizana adaphunzira zotsatira zazikulu ziwiri: adafotokoza khalidwe la kuvota ndi khalidwe lenileni lovota. Choyamba, iwo adapeza kuti anthu mu gulu la Info + Social anali pafupi ndi magawo awiri peresenti kusiyana ndi anthu mu Gulu la Info kuti awone "Ine Wotchuka" (pafupifupi 20% ndi 18%). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, atachita kafukufukuyu adasonkhanitsa ma data awo ndi mavoti ovomerezeka a anthu pafupifupi 6 miliyoni omwe anapeza kuti anthu mu gulu la Info + Social anali ndi 0.39 peresenti yapadera kuti avotere kusiyana ndi omwe ali mu gulu lolamulira ndi kuti anthu mu gulu la Info anali ndi mwayi wovota ngati omwe ali mu gulu lolamulira (chithunzi 4.18).

Chithunzi 4.18: Zotsatira za kuyesa-kutuluka-kuyesa pa Facebook (Bond et al. 2012) . Otsatira pa Info Info adasankha mofanana ngati omwe ali mu gulu lolamulira, koma anthu mu gulu la Info + Social anavotera pa mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Mabotolo amaimira maperesenti okwana 95%. Zotsatira pa graph ndizo pafupifupi anthu asanu ndi limodzi omwe akugwirizana nawo polemba mavoti. Kuchokera ku Bond et al. (2012) , chithunzi 1.

Zotsatira za kuyesayesa uku zikusonyeza kuti mauthenga ena omwe amapezeka pa intaneti ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa ena ndipo kuti kulingalira kwa wochita kafukufuku kungadalire ngati zotsatira zakhala zikuvota kuvota kapena kuvota kwenikweni. Kuyesera izi mwatsoka sikumapereka ndondomeko iliyonse yokhudzana ndi njira zomwe chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu-chomwe ena ofufuza amachititsa kusewera amatchedwa "mulu wa nkhope" -kuposa kuvota. Zingakhale kuti chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chinachulukitsa mwinamwake kuti wina wawona mbendera kapena kuti yowonjezera mwayi kuti winawake amene adawona mbenderayo avota kapena onse. Choncho, kuyesera uku kumapangitsa chidwi kuti ena ofufuza adzafufuza (onani, mwachitsanzo, Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) ).

Kuphatikiza pa kupititsa patsogolo zolinga za ochita kafukufuku, kuyesera kumeneku kunapititsanso cholinga cha bungwe loyanjana nalo (Facebook). Ngati mutasintha makhalidwe omwe mumaphunzira povotera kuti mugule sopo, mungathe kuona kuti phunzirolo liri ndi momwemo poyesa kuyesa zotsatira za malonda pa intaneti (onani, RA Lewis and Rao (2015) ). Maphunzirowa ogwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza nthawi zambiri amayesa zotsatira za kufalitsa malonda pa intaneti-mankhwala a Bond et al. (2012) ndizofunikira zovotera-pachitidwe osagwirizana. Choncho, kufufuza uku kungapangitse patsogolo Facebook kukhala ndi mphamvu yophunzirira kuwonetsera kwa malonda a pa intaneti ndipo zingathandize Facebook kutsimikizira otsatsa malonda kuti malonda a Facebook amatha kusintha khalidwe.

Ngakhale kuti zofuna za ochita kafukufuku ndi ophatikizanazo zinali zofanana kwambiri mu phunziro ili, iwo adakumananso pang'ono. Makamaka, kugawa kwa magulu atatuwa-kulamulira, Info, ndi Info + Social-kunali kwakukulukulu: 98% ya chitsanzocho chinaperekedwa ku Info + Social. Kugawa malireku sikuli koyenera, ndipo kugawidwa kwabwinoko kwa ochita kafukufukuyo kungakhale ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ophunzira mu gulu lirilonse. Koma kusagwirizana komweku kunachitika chifukwa Facebook inkafuna aliyense kuti alandire Info + Social treatment. Mwamwayi, ochita kafukufukuwa adawatsimikizira kuti asamalowere 1% pa chithandizo chofanana ndi 1% mwa anthu otsogolera gulu. Popanda gulu lotsogolera, zikanakhala zosatheka kuyeza zotsatira za Info + Social Care chifukwa zikanakhala "kuyesa ndi kuyang'ana" kuyesa osati kufufuza mwadzidzidzi kuyesedwa. Chitsanzo ichi chimaphunzitsa phunziro lofunika kwambiri kuti tigwire ntchito limodzi ndi abwenzi: nthawi zina mumayesa kuyesa ndikuthandizira wina kuti apereke chithandizo ndipo nthawi zina mumayesa ndikuyesa wina kuti asapereke chithandizo (ie, kupanga gulu lolamulira).

Nthaŵi zonse mgwirizano suyenera kuphatikizapo makampani apamwamba ndi mayeso a A / B ndi mamiliyoni ambiri a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, Alexander Coppock, Andrew Guess, ndi John Ternovski (2016) adagwirizana ndi bungwe la League of Conservation Voters-kuyesa kuyesa njira zosiyana siyana pofuna kulimbikitsa anthu. Ofufuzawa anagwiritsa ntchito nkhani ya NGO ya Twitter kuti atumize ma tweets onse ndi mauthenga apadera omwe amayesa kuyambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Atazindikira kuti mauthenga awa anali othandiza kwambiri pofuna kulimbikitsa anthu kulemba pempho ndi retweet zambiri zokhudza pempho.

Zonsezi, kugwirizana ndi anthu amphamvu kumakuthandizani kuti muzigwira ntchito pamlingo umene si kovuta kuchita, ndipo patebulo 4.3 limapereka zitsanzo zina za mgwirizano pakati pa ofufuza ndi mabungwe. Kuyanjana kungakhale kophweka kusiyana ndi kumangodziyesa nokha. Koma ubwino uwu umabwera ndi zovuta: mgwirizano ukhoza kuchepetsa mitundu ya ophunzira, mankhwala, ndi zotsatira zomwe mungathe kuziwerenga. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mgwirizano umenewu ukhoza kutsogolera zovuta. Njira yabwino yowonera mwayi wogwirizana ndiyo kuzindikira vuto lenileni limene mungathetse pamene mukuchita sayansi yosangalatsa. Ngati simukugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iyi yoyang'ana pa dziko lapansi, zingakhale zovuta kuona mavuto mu Pasteur's Quadrant, koma, pogwiritsa ntchito, mudzayamba kuziwona zambiri.