2.3.3 Osagwira ntchito

Kuyeza pazinthu zazikulu za deta sikungathe kusintha khalidwe.

Vuto lina la kafukufuku wamakhalidwe a anthu ndi lakuti anthu angathe kusintha khalidwe lawo podziwa kuti akutsatiridwa ndi ofufuza. Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe kawirikawiri amatcha ichi reactivity (Webb et al. 1966) . Mwachitsanzo, anthu akhoza kukhala ophatikiza pa maphunziro a laboratori kuposa maphunziro a m'munda chifukwa poyamba ankazindikira kuti akuwonedwa (Levitt and List 2007a) . Mbali imodzi ya deta yaikulu imene ochita kafukufuku ambiri amapeza ndikutsimikiza kuti ophunzira sakuzindikira kuti deta yawo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena iwo adzizoloŵera kusonkhanitsa deta kotero kuti sichimasintha khalidwe lawo. Chifukwa chakuti ophunzira ndi osagwira ntchito , motero, magwero ambiri a deta angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti aphunzire makhalidwe omwe sanathe kuwunikira molondola. Mwachitsanzo, Stephens-Davidowitz (2014) adagwiritsa ntchito kufalikira kwa mawu amitundu yosiyanasiyana mufunafuna mafunso pofuna kuyesa mtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana a United States. Zomwe sizingatheke komanso zazikulu (onani gawo 2.3.1) chikhalidwe chazomwe zimasankhidwa zowunikira zomwe zingakhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina, monga kufufuza.

Kusagwirizana, komabe, sikungatsimikizire kuti deta izi ndizowonetsera mwachindunji khalidwe la anthu kapena malingaliro awo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina akuyankha mu phunziro loyankhulana, anati, "Sikuti ndilibe mavuto, sindikuziika pa Facebook" (Newman et al. 2011) . Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngakhale kuti zina zazikulu zopezeka deta ndizosachitapo kanthu, sizili nthawi zonse zosagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, chizoloŵezi cha anthu kufuna kudzipereka okha mwa njira yabwino kwambiri. Komanso, monga momwe ndikufotokozera mtsogolomu, khalidwe limene latengedwa muzinthu zazikulu za deta nthawi zina limakhudzidwa ndi zolinga za eni eni apampando, nkhani yomwe ndiyitchula kuti algorithmic confounding . Potsirizira pake, ngakhale kuti kusagwira ntchito kulibe phindu pa kufufuza, kufufuza makhalidwe a anthu popanda chilolezo ndi chidziwitso kumadzutsa nkhawa zomwe ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane mu chaputala 6.

Zitatu zomwe ndangolongosola-zazikulu, nthawi zonse, ndi zosagwira ntchito-kawirikawiri, koma nthawi zonse, zimapindulitsa pofufuza kafukufuku. Kenaka, ndikusandutsa zinthu zisanu ndi ziŵiri zapadera zopezera deta-zosakwanira, zosatheka, zosayimira, zowonongeka, zowonongeka, zowonongeka, komanso zowonongeka-zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta pofufuza.