2.3.5 Zosatheka

Deta yomwe imagwiridwa ndi makampani ndi maboma ndi ovuta kuti ochita kafukufuku apeze.

Mu Meyi 2014, US National Security Agency inatsegula deta yamtunda ku Utah ndi dzina lovuta, Intelligence Community Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center. Komabe, malo osungirako deta, omwe amadziwika kuti Utah Data Center, akudziwika kuti ali ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa. Nyuzipepala ina imanena kuti imatha kusunga ndi kuyendetsa njira zonse zoyankhulirana kuphatikizapo "zonse zomwe zili mu maimelo apadera, ma telefoni, ndi kufufuza kwa Google, komanso maulendo onse a pamtunda-mapepala a mapepala, maulendo oyendayenda, malo ogulitsa mabuku , ndi digito ina ya 'digitale' ' (Bamford 2012) . Kuwonjezera pa kuwonetsa nkhaŵa zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso chochuluka chazomwe zimapezeka mu deta yaikulu, zomwe zidzafotokozedwa pansipa, Utah Data Center ndi chitsanzo chochuluka chachinsinsi chodziwika bwino chomwe chosatheka kwa ofufuza. Kawirikawiri, magwero ambiri a deta omwe angakhale othandizidwa amalembedwa ndi oletsedwa ndi maboma (mwachitsanzo, data ya msonkho ndi deta ya maphunziro) kapena makampani (monga mafunso, kufufuza injini ndi deta-ma data-data). Choncho, ngakhale magwero a deta awa alipo, iwo alibe phindu pa zolinga za kafukufuku wamakhalidwe chifukwa sangafikire.

Zomwe ndimakumana nazo, ofufuza ambiri ochokera ku mayunivesite amamvetsetsa kuti gwero la zimenezi silingatheke. Deta izi sizikutheka chifukwa chakuti anthu pa makampani ndi maboma ndi opusa, aulesi, kapena osasamala. M'malo mwake, pali malamulo akuluakulu, a zamalonda, ndi a makhalidwe abwino omwe amalepheretsa kupeza deta. Mwachitsanzo, malonjezano ena ogwiritsira ntchito ma webusaiti amalola kuti deta ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito kapena kusintha ntchito. Mitundu ina yogawa deta ingawonetse makampani kukhala ndi milandu yolondola kuchokera kwa makasitomala. Palinso mavuto aakulu a bizinesi kwa makampani omwe akugawana nawo deta. Yesani kulingalira momwe anthu angayankhire ngati zofufuza zanu mwadzidzidzi zinachokera ku Google monga gawo la kafukufuku wa yunivesite. Kuphwanya deta kotero, ngati kotheka, kungakhale kowopsa kwa kampaniyo. Kotero Google-ndi makampani aakulu kwambiri-ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu-akulepheretsa kugawa deta ndi ofufuza.

Ndipotu, pafupifupi aliyense amene ali ndi mwayi wopeza ma data ambiri amadziwa nkhani ya Abdur Chowdhury. Mu 2006, pamene anali mtsogoleri wa kafukufuku ku AOL, adawamasulira mwachangu anthu ofufuza zomwe adaganiza kuti akuyesa kufufuza mafunso kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito AOL 650,000. Monga momwe ndingathere, Chowdhury ndi ochita kafukufuku a AOL anali ndi zolinga zabwino, ndipo iwo amaganiza kuti adziwonetsa deta. Koma iwo anali olakwika. Iwo anadzidzidzidwa mwamsanga kuti detayi sinali yosadziwika monga momwe ofufuza anaganizira, ndipo olemba nyuzipepala a New York Times adatha kuzindikira wina mu dataset mosavuta (Barbaro and Zeller 2006) . Pamene mavutowa adapezeka, Chowdhury adachotsa deta kuchokera ku webusaiti ya AOL, koma idachedwa kwambiri. Detayi idatumizidwa ku mawebusaiti ena, ndipo izi zidzakhalansopo pamene mukuwerenga buku ili. Chowdhury adathamangitsidwa, ndipo mkulu wa sayansi yamakono a AOL anasiya (Hafner 2006) . Monga momwe chitsanzo ichi chikusonyezera, phindu la anthu omwe ali mkati mwa makampani kuti athetsere kupeza deta ndiloling'ono kwambiri ndipo zovuta kwambiri ndizo zoopsa.

Ochita kafukufuku akhoza, ngakhale nthawi zina, kupeza mwayi wopeza deta yomwe sitingathe kuigwiritsa ntchito. Maboma ena ali ndi njira zomwe akatswiri angatsatire kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo monga zitsanzo za m'mutu uno zikusonyezera, ochita kafukufuku amatha kupeza mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito deta. Mwachitsanzo, Einav et al. (2015) adayanjana ndi wofufuza pa eBay kuti aphunzire zamalonda pa intaneti. Ndikuyankhula zambiri za kafukufuku amene anachokera ku mgwirizanowu mtsogolomu, koma ndikuwutchula tsopano chifukwa anali ndi zowonjezera zonse zomwe ndikuziwona muzochita mgwirizano bwino: wofufuzira chidwi, katswiri wofufuza, chidwi cha kampani, ndi kampani . Ndawonapo maubwenzi ambiri omwe angatheke amalephera chifukwa kaya wofufuza kapena wothandizana nawo-kaya akhale kampani kapena boma-alibe chogwiritsira ntchito.

Ngakhale mutatha kukhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi bizinesi kapena kupeza deta ya boma yoletsedwa, komabe pali zochepa za inu. Choyamba, simungathe kugawa deta yanu ndi ena ofufuza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ochita kafukufuku ena sangathe kutsimikizira ndikuwonjezera zotsatira zanu. Chachiwiri, mafunso omwe mungapemphe angakhale ochepa; makampani sangathe kulola kufufuza komwe kungawathandize kuwoneka woipa. Pomalizira, mgwirizano umenewu ukhoza kukhazikitsa kusiyana kwa kusagwirizana kwa chidwi, komwe anthu angaganize kuti zotsatira zanu zakhudzidwa ndi mgwirizano wanu. Zonsezi zingathe kuthandizidwa, koma ndikofunikira kuti zikhale zomveka kuti kugwira ntchito ndi deta yomwe siimene aliyense angakhale nayo ikukwera komanso kumachepetsa.

Mwachidule, deta zambiri sizingatheke kwa ofufuza. Pali malamulo akuluakulu, a zamalonda, ndi a makhalidwe abwino omwe amalepheretsa kupeza deta, ndipo zotsalirazi sizidzatha ngati zipangizo zamakono zowonjezereka chifukwa sizitsulo zamakono. Maboma ena a boma adakhazikitsa njira zothandizira kupeza deta zamtundu winawake, koma ndondomekoyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pazigawo za boma ndi zapansi. Komanso, nthawi zina, ofufuza angagwirizane ndi makampani kuti apeze deta, koma izi zingathe kupanga mavuto osiyanasiyana kwa ofufuza ndi makampani.