2.3.9 Wakuda

Big magwero deta akhoza yodzaza ndi zonenepetsa ndi sipamu.

Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti magulu akuluakulu a deta, makamaka magwero a intaneti, ali ochepa chifukwa amasonkhanitsidwa mosavuta. Ndipotu, anthu omwe agwira ntchito ndi magwero akuluakulu a deta amadziwa kuti nthawi zambiri amatsuka . Izi zikutanthauza kuti kawirikawiri amalemba deta zomwe sizionetsa chidwi chenicheni kwa ofufuza. Ambiri asayansi akudziwa bwino kale ndondomeko yoyeretsa deta yochulukitsa kafukufuku wa anthu, koma kuyeretsa zida zazikulu za deta zikuwoneka kovuta. Ndikuganiza kuti chitsimikizo chachikulu cha vutoli ndi chakuti zambiri mwazidzidzidzi sizinayambe zogwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza, choncho sizikusonkhanitsidwa, kusungidwa, ndi kulembedwa mwa njira yomwe imathandizira kukonza deta.

Kuopsa kwa deta yosavuta kulongosola ma deta kukuwonetseratu ndi kubwerera mmbuyo ndi ogwira ntchito (2010) za momwe anthu amachitira povutitsidwa pa September 11, 2001, zomwe ndatchula mwachidule m'mutuwu. Ochita kafukufuku amaphunzira momwe angayankhire pa zochitika zoopsa pogwiritsa ntchito deta yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa kwa miyezi kapena zaka. Koma, Kubwerera ndi ogwira nawo ntchito zapeza nthawi zonse zopezera njira zamagetsi-timestamped, zomwe zinalembedwera mauthenga ochokera kwa anthu okwana 85,000 a ku America-ndipo izi zinawathandiza kuti aphunzire kuyankhidwa kwa maganizo pa nthawi yochuluka kwambiri. Anapanga nthawi yachisanu ndi iwiri yogwirizana ndi mauthenga a pager ndi chiwerengero cha mawu okhudzana ndi (1) chisoni (mwachitsanzo, "kulira" ndi "chisoni"), (2) nkhawa ( Mwachitsanzo, "nkhawa" ndi "mantha"), ndi (3) mkwiyo (mwachitsanzo, "kudana" ndi "kutsutsa"). Iwo adapeza kuti chisoni ndi nkhawa zinasintha tsiku lonse popanda pulogalamu yolimba, koma kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mkwiyo tsiku lonse. Kafukufukuyu akuwoneka ngati chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha mphamvu zopezeka pazomwe deta ikuyendera: ngati chikhalidwe cha deta chikagwiritsidwa ntchito, sikukanatha kupeza nthawi yeniyeni yothetsera yankho lachidziwitso ku chochitika chosayembekezereka.

Patangopita chaka chimodzi, Cynthia Pury (2011) anayang'anitsitsa deta mosamala kwambiri. Anapeza kuti mauthenga ambiri okwiya anali opangidwa ndi pager imodzi ndipo onse anali ofanana. Apa pali zomwe mauthenga okhumudwawo adanena:

"Kuyambiransoko NT makina [dzina] mu nduna [dzina] pa [location]: yovuta: [tsiku ndi nthawi]"

Mauthenga awa adatchulidwa kukwiyitsa chifukwa adaphatikizapo mawu akuti "CRITICAL," omwe nthawi zambiri amasonyeza mkwiyo koma panopa sali. Kuchotsa mauthenga omwe amapangidwa ndi pager imodzi yokha pager kumathetseratu kuwonjezeka kwaukali pa nthawi (chithunzi 2.4). Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zotsatira zazikulu ku Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) zinali zizindikiro za pager imodzi. Monga momwe chitsanzo ichi chikusonyezera, kufufuza kosavuta kwa deta yovuta komanso yovuta kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Chithunzi 2.4: Kuchuluka kwa zochitika zaukali pa September 11, 2001 zozikidwa pazipembedzo 85,000 za ku America (Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2010, 2011; Pury 2011) . Poyambirira, Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) inanena za chitsanzo chokwiya kwambiri tsiku lonse. Komabe, ambiri mwa mauthengawa akukwiyitsa anali opangidwa ndi pager imodzi yomwe imatumizira uthenga wotsatira: "Bwezerani makina a NT [dzina] mu kabati [dzina] pa [malo]: CRITICAL: [tsiku ndi nthawi]". Ndichotsitsa uthengawu, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu mu mkwiyo kumatha (Pury 2011; Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2011) . Kuchokera ku Pury (2011) , chifaniziro 1b.

Ngakhale kuti deta yopanda chidziwitso-monga ija kuchokera ku pager imodzi ya phokoso-ingathe kudziwika ndi wofufuzira mosamala kwambiri, palinso machitidwe ena pa intaneti omwe amakopera anthu odziteteza mwadzidzidzi. Ma spammerswa amapanga deta, ndipo nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi phindu-ntchito molimbika kuti asawonongeke. Mwachitsanzo, zochitika zandale pa Twitter zikuwoneka kuti zikuphatikizapo zina zovuta zowonjezera, zomwe zimayambitsa zandale zowonjezera kuti ziwonekere kuposa momwe zilili (Ratkiewicz et al. 2011) . Tsoka ilo, kuchotsa spam iyi mwachangu kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.

Zoonadi, zomwe zimaonedwa ngati zonyansa zimatha kudalira funso lofufuza. Mwachitsanzo, zambiri zosinthidwa ku Wikipedia zimapangidwa ndi bots automated (Geiger 2014) . Ngati mukufuna chidwi cha chilengedwe cha Wikipedia, ndiye kuti kusintha kumeneku kuli kofunikira. Koma ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe anthu amaperekera ku Wikipedia, ndiye kuti zosinthika zopangidwa ndi bot ziyenera kuchotsedwa.

Palibe njira imodzi yowerengetsera kapena njira yomwe ingathe kutsimikizira kuti mwayeretsa mokwanira deta yanu yosayera. Pamapeto pake, ndikuganiza kuti njira yabwino yopewera kupusitsidwa ndi deta ndikumvetsetsa momwe mungathere deta yanu.