2.3.8 Algorithmically anadabwa

Makhalidwe akuluakulu a deta si achilengedwe; imayendetsedwa ndi zolinga zamakono za machitidwe.

Ngakhale kuti magwero akuluakulu a deta ndi osagwira ntchito chifukwa anthu sakudziwa kuti deta yawo ikulembedwa (gawo 2.3.3), ofufuza sayenera kuganizira makhalidwe omwe ali nawo pa intaneti kuti akhale "mwachilengedwe." Zoona, ma digito omwe amalemba khalidwe zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti zisonkhezere makhalidwe enieni monga kusindikiza pa malonda kapena kutumiza zokhudzana. Njira zomwe zolinga za okonza mapulogalamu angapangire zowonongeka mu deta zimatchedwa algorithmic confounding . Kusokoneza maganizo kosadziwika bwino sikukudziwika kwa asayansi, koma ndilo vuto lalikulu pakati pa asayansi odziwa bwino deta. Ndipo, mosiyana ndi mavuto ena omwe ali ndi njira zamagetsi, kusokonezeka kwazinthu zambiri sikuwonekera.

Chitsanzo chophweka cha zovuta zokhudzana ndi zochitika zenizeni ndizokuti pa Facebook pali chiwerengero cholakwika cha abwenzi omwe ali ndi abwenzi pafupifupi 20, monga momwe adapezedwera ndi Johan Ugander ndi anzake (2011) . Asayansi akufufuza deta iyi popanda kumvetsetsa momwe Facebook ikugwiritsira ntchito mosakayikitsa kungapangitse nkhani zambiri za momwe 20 ndi mtundu wina wa magulu a zamatsenga. Mwamwayi, Ugander ndi anzake anali kumvetsetsa kwambiri zomwe zinapanga deta, ndipo adadziwa kuti Facebook inalimbikitsa anthu omwe ali ndi maubwenzi ochepa pa Facebook kuti apange anzanu ambiri kufikira atapeza abwenzi 20. Ngakhale kuti Uganda ndi anzake sanena izi pamapepala awo, mwachidwi lamuloli linalengedwa ndi Facebook kuti lilimbikitse ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano kuti agwire ntchito. Popanda kudziŵa kuti kulibe ndondomeko iyi, ndi kosavuta kuti tipeze yankho lolakwika kuchokera ku deta. Mwa kulankhula kwina, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe ali ndi abwenzi 20 amatiuza zambiri za Facebook kusiyana ndi khalidwe la umunthu.

Mu chitsanzo choyambirira ichi, kusokonezeka kwazinthu zowonjezereka kunapanga zotsatira za quirky zomwe wofufuzira mosamala angathe kuzindikira ndi kufufuza zina. Komabe, pali zovuta zowonjezereka zomwe zimachitika pamene opanga machitidwe a pa Intaneti akudziwa zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndiyeno amaphika mfundozi ku ntchito zawo. Asayansi a zachikhalidwe cha anthu amati chiwonetserochi : pamene chiphunzitso chimasintha dziko mwa njira yomwe imabweretsa dziko kukhala logwirizana kwambiri ndi chiphunzitsocho. Pankhani yowonongeka, kusokonezeka kwa deta n'kovuta kwambiri.

Chitsanzo chimodzi cha kachitidwe kamene kamangidwe ndi chiwonetsero ndi chithunzithunzi pa intaneti. M'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi 1980, kafukufuku adazindikira kuti ngati muli abwenzi ndi Alice ndi Bob, ndiye Alice ndi Bob akhoza kukhala mabwenzi ambiri kusiyana ndi ngati anthu awiri osankhidwa mwachisawawa. Ndondomeko yomweyi inapezekanso muzithunzi za pa Facebook (Ugander et al. 2011) . Motero, wina angaganize kuti machitidwe achiyanjano pa Facebook amaphatikizira machitidwe a mabwenzi osagwirizana, mwachangu mwa kusintha kwa thupi. Komabe, kukula kwa chithunzithunzi mu Facebook social graph kumakhala kutsogoleredwa ndi kusinthasintha kwazinthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti deta osayansi pa Facebook adadziwa zazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa thupi ndikuziphika momwe Facebook imagwirira ntchito. Facebook ili ndi "People You Know" zomwe zimapereka anzanu atsopano, ndipo njira imodzi yomwe Facebook imasankhira amene angakufotokozereni kuti ndizotheka. Ndikokuti, Facebook ndizovuta kuti mukhale mabwenzi a anzanu. Izi zikuthandizira kuwonjezereka mwachinsinsi mu Facebook social graph; Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chiphunzitso cha kusinthika kumabweretsa dziko lonse molingana ndi maulosi a chiphunzitsochi (Zignani et al. 2014; Healy 2015) . Choncho, pamene zidziŵitso zazikulu za deta zikuwonekera kuti zibweretseretu maulosi a chikhalidwe cha anthu, tiyenera kutsimikiza kuti chiphunzitsocho sichinaperekedwe momwe dongosolo linagwirira ntchito.

M'malo moganizira za zikuluzikulu zochokera ku deta monga kuwonera anthu mu chikhalidwe chachilengedwe, chithunzi choyenera kwambiri ndikuwona anthu ku casino. Ma casinasi ndi malo omwe amapangidwa kuti apangitse makhalidwe ena, ndipo kafukufuku sangayembekezere khalidwe mu casino kuti apereke mawindo osasinthika mu khalidwe laumunthu. N'zoona kuti mungaphunzire zina zokhudza khalidwe la umunthu pophunzira anthu m'makaseti, koma ngati simunanyalanyaze kuti deta ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu casino, mukhoza kupeza zolakwika zolakwika.

Mwamwayi, kuthana ndi zovuta zowonjezereka ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti zili ndi katundu, sizilembedwa bwino, ndipo zimasintha nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, monga momwe ndikufotokozera m'tsogolomu, ndondomeko yowonjezereka ndiyo imodzi yowonjezereka ya kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa Zotsatira za Google Flu (chigawo 2.4.2), koma kudandaula uku kunali kovuta kufufuza chifukwa ntchito mkati mwa Google search algorithm ndi mwini. Zomwe zimakhala zovuta zowonjezereka ndi njira imodzi yowonongeka. Kusokonezeka kwachidziwitso kumatanthauza kuti tiyenera kukhala osamala pazinthu zilizonse zokhudzana ndi khalidwe la munthu zomwe zimachokera ku digiti imodzi, ngakhale ziri zazikulu bwanji.