1.4 mitu ya buku lino

Mitu iwiri mu bukhu ili ndi 1) kusakaniza okonzeka okonzekera ndi otsogolera komanso 2) machitidwe.

Mitu iwiri ikuyenderera mu bukhu ili, ndipo ndikufuna kuifotokozera tsopano kuti muwaone iwo akubwera mobwerezabwereza. Yoyamba ikhoza kufaniziridwa ndi fanizo lofanana ndi ma greats awiri: Marcel Duchamp ndi Michelangelo. Duchamp amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha okonzeka ake, monga Kasupe , kumene adatenga zinthu zonse ndikuzibwezeretsanso monga luso. Michelangelo, mbali inayo, sanabwererenso. Pamene ankafuna kupanga chifaniziro cha David, sankafuna chidutswa cha marble chomwe chinkawoneka ngati David: anakhala zaka zitatu akugwira ntchito kuti apange luso lake. Davide si wokonzeka; Ndilowetsedweratu (chithunzi 1.2).

Chithunzi 1.2: Kasupe a Marcel Duchamp ndi David ndi Michaelangelo. Kasupe ndi chitsanzo cha okonzeka, kumene wojambula amawona chinthu chomwe chilipo kale padziko lapansi ndikuchikonzekera mojambula. Davide ndi chitsanzo cha luso limene linalengedwa mwadala; ndiwotetezedwa. Kafukufuku wamakhalidwe a anthu m'zaka zapadela adzaphatikiza onse omwe ali okonzeka komanso ogwira ntchito. Chithunzi cha Kasupe wa Alfred Stiglitz, 1917 (Gwero: The Blind Man , No 2 / Wikimedia Commons ). Chithunzi cha David ndi Jörg Bittner Unna, 2008 (Gwero: _Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence / Wikimedia Commons ).

Mawonekedwe awiriwa-okonzeka ndi mapepala otetezera-mapu ozungulira pazithunzi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kafukufuku wamakhalidwe m'zaka za digito. Monga momwe mudzaonera, zina mwa zitsanzo za bukhu ili zimaphatikizapo kubwereza mwatsatanetsatane magwero aakulu a deta omwe poyamba adalengedwa ndi makampani ndi maboma. Mu zitsanzo zina, wofufuza wina adayamba ndi funso lapadera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za m'badwo wa digito kuti apange deta yofunikira kuti ayankhe funsolo. Mukamaliza bwino, mafilimu onsewa akhoza kukhala amphamvu kwambiri. Choncho, kafukufuku wamakhalidwe a anthu m'badwo wa digito adzaphatikiza onse okonzeka ndi otsogolera; Izi zidzakhudza Duchamps ndi Michelangelos.

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito deta yokonzekera, ndikuyembekeza kuti bukhuli lidzakusonyezani kufunika kwa deta yosungidwa. Komanso, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito deta yanu, ndikukhulupirira kuti bukuli lidzakuwonetsani kufunika kwa deta yokonzekera. Pomalizira, komanso chofunika kwambiri, ndikuyembekeza kuti bukhuli lidzakusonyezani kufunika kophatikiza mafashoni awiriwa. Mwachitsanzo, Joshua Blumenstock ndi anzake anali mbali ya Duchamp ndi gawo la Michelangelo; iwo anabwezeretsa zolembera zoimbira (a readymade) ndipo iwo adzipanga deta yawo yofufuza (wogonjera). Kusakanikirana kwa okonzeka ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ndi chitsanzo chomwe mudzawona m'buku lonseli; Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi maganizo abwino kuchokera ku sayansi ndi sayansi, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kufufuza kosangalatsa kwambiri.

Nkhani yachiwiri yomwe ikuyenda kupyolera mu bukhu ili ndizofunikira. Ndikuwonetsani momwe ochita kafukufuku angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu za zaka za digito kuti apange kufufuza kosangalatsa ndi kofunikira. Ndipo ndikuwonetsani momwe ochita kafukufuku amene amagwiritsira ntchito mwayi umenewu adzakumana ndi zisankho zovuta. Mutu 6 udzakhala wodzipereka kwathunthu ku zikhalidwe, koma ine ndikuphatikizira machitidwe mu mitu ina komanso chifukwa, mu nthawi ya digito, makhalidwe abwino adzakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la kafukufuku.

Ntchito ya Blumenstock ndi anzako ikuwonetsanso. Kukhala ndi mauthenga oitanira ma granular kuchokera kwa anthu 1.5 miliyoni kumapanga mwayi wapadera wofufuza, koma kumapanganso mwayi wovulaza. Mwachitsanzo, Jonathan Mayer ndi ogwira nawo ntchito (2016) asonyeza kuti ngakhale mayina omwe amachititsa kuti awonetsere mauthenga (mwachitsanzo, deta popanda maina ndi maadiresi) akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi chidziwitso chapaulesi kuti athe kudziwa anthu enieni pa deta ndikudziwitsa zambiri zokhudza iwo, monga mauthenga ena azaumoyo. Kuti akhale omveka bwino, Blumenstock ndi anzake sanayese kudziwitsa anthu zachinsinsi, koma izi zikutanthauza kuti zinali zovuta kuti iwo adziwe deta ndipo adawakakamiza kuti azitetezedwa pochita kafukufuku wawo.

Pambuyo pa mauthenga a mayitanidwe, pali vuto lalikulu limene limayendetsa kafukufuku wambiri pazaka za digito. Ochita kafukufuku-nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi makampani ndi maboma-ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera miyoyo ya ophunzira. Ndi mphamvu, ndikutanthauza kuti ndikhoza kuchita zinthu kwa anthu popanda chilolezo chawo kapena ngakhale kuzindikira. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza tsopano amatha kuona khalidwe la mamiliyoni a anthu, ndipo monga momwe ndidzafotokozere pambuyo pake, ochita kafukufuku amatha kulembetsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri poyesera zazikulu. Komanso, zonsezi zikhoza kuchitika popanda chilolezo kapena kuzindikira za anthu omwe akukhudzidwa. Pamene mphamvu ya ochita kafukufuku ikuchulukira, sipanakhalepo kuwonjezereka kofananako kofotokozera momwe mphamvuyo iyenera kugwiritsidwira ntchito. Ndipotu, ofufuza ayenera kusankha momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zawo motsatira malamulo osasinthasintha, malamulo, ndi zikhalidwe. Kuphatikizana kwa mphamvu zamphamvu ndi malangizo osadziwika kungapangitse ngakhale akatswiri ofufuza zabwino kuti agonjetse ndi zisankho zovuta.

Ngati nthawi zambiri mumaganizira momwe kafukufuku wamagulu a zaka zapamwamba amathandizira mwayi watsopano, ndikuyembekeza kuti bukhuli lidzakuwonetsani kuti mwayiwu umapanganso zoopsa zatsopano. Momwemonso, ngati mumaganizira za zoopsazi, ndikuyembekeza kuti bukuli lidzakuthandizani kuona mwayi - mwayi umene ungafunike kuopsa. Pomalizira, komanso chofunika kwambiri, ndikuyembekeza kuti bukuli lidzathandiza aliyense kuti azitha kusamala bwino zoopsa ndi mwayi wopangidwa ndi kafukufuku wam'badwo wa digito. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu, payenera kubweranso kuwonjezeka kwa udindo.