1.5 Ndondomeko ya bukhu ili
Bukhuli likupita kupyolera mu kufufuza kwakukulu kwina: kuyang'ana khalidwe, kufunsa mafunso, kuyesa kuyesera, ndikupanga mgwirizano wambiri. Njira iliyonseyi imafuna mgwirizano wosiyana pakati pa ofufuza ndi ophunzira, ndipo aliyense amatithandiza kuphunzira zinthu zosiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati tipempha anthu mafunso, tikhoza kuphunzira zinthu zomwe sitingaziphunzire poona khalidwe. Mofananamo, ngati titayesa mayesero, tikhoza kuphunzira zinthu zomwe sizingatheke mwa kungoyang'ana khalidwe ndikufunsa mafunso. Pomaliza, ngati tithandizana ndi ophunzira, tikhoza kuphunzira zinthu zomwe sitingaziphunzire, kuzifunsa mafunso, kapena kuzilembera poyesera. Njira zinayi zonsezi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 50 zapitazo, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti zonsezi zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 50 kuchokera pano. Pambuyo popereka gawo limodzi pa njira iliyonse, kuphatikizapo mfundo zoyenera kutsatiridwa ndi njira imeneyo, ine ndikupereka chaputala chathunthu ku zoyenera. Monga momwe tafotokozera mu Mauthenga Oyamba, ine ndikuonetsetsa kuti mitu yonseyi ndi yoyera, ndipo mitu yonseyo idzatha ndi gawo lotchedwa "Zimene muyenera kuziwerenga motsatira" zomwe zikuphatikizapo zidziwitso zofunikira komanso zolemba zamabuku kuti mudziwe zambiri. zakuthupi.
Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, mu mutu 2 ("Kuwonetsa khalidwe"), ndikufotokozera zomwe afufuza angaphunzire pakuwona makhalidwe a anthu. Makamaka, ndimaganizira zazomwe zimapangidwa ndi makampani ndi maboma. Kuchokera kutali ndi tsatanetsatane wa chitsimikizo chilichonse, ndikufotokozera zifukwa 10 zomwe zimapezeka pazinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ochita kafukufuku athe kugwiritsa ntchito izi zopezera deta. Kenaka, ndikufotokozera njira zitatu zofufuzira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti tiphunzire kuchokera ku zikuluzikulu za deta.
Mu mutu 3 ("Kufunsa mafunso"), ndiyamba ndikuwonetsa zomwe ofufuza angaphunzire mwa kusuntha kuposa deta yaikulu. Makamaka, ndiwonetsa kuti mwa kufunsa anthu mafunso, ofufuza angaphunzire zinthu zomwe sangathe kuziphunzira mwa kungoyang'ana khalidwe. Pofuna kupanga mipata yomwe idapangidwa ndi zaka za digito, ndiwongolera ndondomeko yowonongeka yowonongeka. Kenaka, ndikuwonetsani momwe zaka za digito zimathandizira njira zatsopano zopezera zitsanzo ndi kuyankhulana. Pomalizira, ndikufotokoza njira ziwiri zogwirizanitsa deta komanso zolemba zazikulu.
Mu chaputala 4 ("Kuthamanga kuyesera"), ndiyamba ndi kusonyeza zomwe akatswiri angaphunzire pamene akusuntha kupitirira kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe ndikufunsa mafunso. Makamaka, ndikuwonetseratu momwe zowonongeka zodziŵika bwino-kumene mfufuzi amaloŵerera padziko lapansi mwachindunji-athandizeni ochita kafukufuku kuti aphunzire za chiyanjano cha causal. Ndidzayerekezera mitundu ya mayesero omwe titha kuchita m'mbuyomo ndi mitundu yomwe tingathe kuchita tsopano. Ndili ndi mbiriyi, ndikufotokozera malonda omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira zazikulu zogwirira ntchito zamakono. Potsirizira pake, ndidzatsiriza ndi malangizo ena okhudza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, ndikufotokozera zina mwa maudindo omwe amabwera ndi mphamvu.
Mu chaputala 5 ("Kupanga mgwirizano wambiri"), ndiwonetsa momwe ochita kafukufuku angakhalire maubwenzi ochuluka-monga kuwumiriza anthu ndi sayansi-kuti achite kafukufuku wamagulu. Pofotokoza polojekiti yabwino yothandizira maumboni ndikupereka mfundo zochepa zofunikira, ndikuyembekeza kukutsutsani za zinthu ziwiri: choyamba, kugwirizanitsa kwakukulu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza kafukufuku, ndipo chachiwiri, omwe ofufuza omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wambiri adzathetsa mavuto omwe poyamba ankawoneka osatheka.
Mu chaputala 6 ("Makhalidwe"), ndikutsutsa kuti ochita kafukufuku ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mofulumizitsa anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito komanso kuti zikhoza kusintha mofulumira kuposa malamulo, malamulo ndi malamulo. Kuphatikizana kwa mphamvu yakuwonjezeka ndi kusagwirizana pankhani ya momwe mphamvuyo iyenera kugwiritsidwira ntchito kumafufuzira ofunika kwambiri. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, ndikutsutsa kuti ochita kafukufuku ayenera kutsatira njira zoyenera kutsatira . Ndiko kuti, ofufuza amayenera kufufuza kafukufuku wawo mwa malamulo omwe alipo-omwe ndiwatenga monga apatsidwa-komanso kudzera mu mfundo za makhalidwe abwino. Ndikufotokozera mfundo zinayi zokhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo ziwiri zomwe zingathandize othandizira. Potsirizira pake, ndifotokozera mavuto omwe ndikuyembekezera kuti ochita kafukufuku adzakumane nawo m'tsogolomu, ndipo ndikupereka malangizo othandizira kugwira ntchito m'deralo ndi makhalidwe osokonezeka.
Potsirizira pake, mu chaputala 7 ("Tsogolo"), ndidzawongolera nkhani zomwe zimadutsa m'bukuli, ndiyeno muzizigwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza zazomwe zingakhale zofunika m'tsogolomu.
Kafukufuku waumwini m'zaka zadijito adzaphatikiza zomwe tachita m'mbuyomu ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi zam'tsogolo. Motero, kafukufuku wamakhalidwe a anthu adzasinthidwa ndi asayansi ndi deta asayansi. Gulu lirilonse liri ndi chinachake chopereka, ndipo aliyense ali ndi chinachake choti aphunzire.
