1.1 An kuipitsa mbiri inki
M'chaka cha 2009, mafoni a m'manja anali kuyendayenda m'dziko lonse la Rwanda. Kuphatikiza pa mamiliyoni a mayitanidwe ochokera kwa abambo, abwenzi, ndi amzanga ogulitsa bizinesi, ofalitsa 1,000 amalandira foni kuchokera kwa Joshua Blumenstock ndi anzake. Ofufuzawa anali akuphunzira chuma ndi umphaŵi pofufuza kafukufuku wa anthu omwe akuchokera ku database ya makasitomala 1.5 miliyoni a mafoni ambiri a m'manja a Rwanda. Blumenstock ndi anzawo anafunsa anthu osankhidwa mwachangu ngati akufuna kutenga nawo mbali kafukufuku, anafotokozera mtundu wa kafukufuku kwa iwo, ndipo adafunsa mafunso angapo okhudza chikhalidwe chawo, chikhalidwe chawo, ndi zachuma.
Chirichonse chimene ndanena mpaka pano chimamveka ngati kafukufuku wa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Koma zomwe zikubwera motsatira si zachikhalidwe-osachepera. Kuphatikiza pa deta yowonjezera, Blumenstock ndi anzake adakhalanso ndi maadiresi athunthu kwa anthu 1.5 miliyoni. Pogwirizanitsa magwero awiriwa a deta, iwo adagwiritsa ntchito deta yofufuza kuti aphunzitse njira yophunzirira makina kulongosola chuma cha munthu malinga ndi zolemba zawo. Kenaka, iwo adagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo ichi poyesa chuma cha makasitomala 1.5 miliyoni m'masitomala. Awoneranso malo okhalamo anthu 1.5 miliyoni ogula ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha malo omwe ali m'ndondomeko za foni. Kuyika zonsezi palimodzi-chuma choyesedwa ndi malo omwe akukhalamo-iwo adatha kupanga mapu okwera kwambiri a kufalikira kwa chuma ku Rwanda. Makamaka, iwo akhoza kutulutsa chuma choyipa kwa 2,148 maselo onse a Rwanda, bungwe laling'ono kwambiri la utsogoleri m'dzikoli.
Mwamwayi, kunali kosatheka kutsimikizirika kuti zolondolazi ndizolondola chifukwa palibe amene adayesa kulingalira za malo ang'onoang'ono a ku Rwanda. Koma pamene Blumenstock ndi anzake adagwirizana ndi ziwerengero zawo ku madera 30 a Rwanda, adapeza kuti ziwerengero zawo zinali zofanana ndi chiwerengero cha Demographic ndi Health Survey, chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi golidi ya kafukufuku m'mayiko osauka. Ngakhale kuti njira ziwirizi zinapanga zofanana zowonongeka pa nkhaniyi, Blumenstock ndi anzake ankabwera mofulumizitsa maulendo 10 ndipo nthawi zambiri anali otsika mtengo kuposa kafukufuku wa zaumoyo komanso zaumoyo. Kulingalira kwakukulu kofulumira ndi kotsika mtengo kumapanga mwayi watsopano kwa ofufuza, maboma, ndi makampani (Blumenstock, Cadamuro, and On 2015) .
Phunziroli liri ngati Rorschach inkblot test: zomwe anthu amawona zimadalira maziko awo. Asayansi ambiri ammudzi amawona chida chatsopano chimene chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa malingaliro okhudzana ndi chitukuko cha zachuma. Asayansi ambiri amatha kudziwa vuto latsopano la kuphunzira makina. Anthu ambiri amalonda amawona njira yowathandiza kuti atsegule kufunika kwa deta yaikulu yomwe adasonkhanitsa kale. Ambiri omwe amalankhula zachinsinsi akukumbutsa kuti tikukhala mu nthawi yowonongeka. Ndipo potsiriza, opanga malamulo ambiri amaona momwe teknoloji yatsopano ingathandizire kukhazikitsa dziko labwino. Ndipotu, phunziro ili ndi zinthu zonsezi, ndipo chifukwa chakuti zimakhala ndi zizindikirozi, ndikuziwona ngati zenera pa tsogolo la kafukufuku wamakhalidwe.
