6.4.4 Kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Public Chidwi
Kutsatira Chilamulo ndi Chidwi Public chimafikira mfundo Beneficence kupitirira ophunzira kafukufuku yeniyeni monga mabungwe onse okhudzidwa.
Mfundo yachinayi ndi yomaliza yomwe ingatsogolere kuganiza kwanu ndi kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Chidwi. Mfundo imeneyi imachokera ku Menlo Report, choncho anthu ambiri ochita kafukufuku amadziwika bwino. The Menlo Report imanena kuti mfundo ya kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Chidwi ndichinthu chokhazikika pamutu wa Beneficence, koma imanenanso kuti zoyamba ziyenera kuwerengedwa bwino. Makamaka, pamene Beneficence amayamba kuika chidwi pa ophunzira, kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Chidwi kumalimbikitsa ochita kafukufuku kuti azitha kuona ndi kuphatikiza lamulo pamalingaliro awo.
Mu Menlo Report, Kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Kuchita Chidwi kuli ndi zigawo ziŵiri zosiyana: (1) kutsata ndi (2) kufotokozera mwachilungamo. Kutsata kumatanthauza kuti ofufuza ayesetse kuzindikira ndi kumvera malamulo oyenera, mgwirizano ndi ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kutsata kungatanthauze kuti wochita kafukufuku woganizira zolemba zomwe zili pa webusaitiyi ayenera kuwerenga ndi kuganizira mgwirizano wothandizira wa webusaitiyi. Komabe, pangakhale zina zomwe zimaloledwa kuswa malamulo; kumbukirani, kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Kuchita chidwi ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo zinayi. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi ina, Verizon onse ndi AT & T anali ndi machitidwe omwe amalepheretsa makasitomala kuwatsutsa (Vaccaro et al. 2015) . Sindikuganiza kuti ochita kafukufuku sayenera kumangogwirizana ndi malingaliro oterewa. Momwemo, ngati ochita kafukufuku amaphwanya mgwirizano wamagwirizano, ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino chigamulo chawo (onani, Soeller et al. (2016) ), monga momwe akufotokozera mwachindunji udindo wawo. Koma kutsegulidwa kumeneku kungawonetse ochita kafukufuku kuwonjezera ngozi; ku United States, mwachitsanzo, Computer Fraud and Abuse Act angapangitse kuswa malamulo kuti aswe pangano (Sandvig and Karahalios 2016; ??? ) . Phunziro lalifupili likuwonetseratu, kuphatikizapo kutsata malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino kungawononge mafunso ovuta.
Kuphatikiza pa kutsatira, kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Kuchita Chidwi kumalimbikitsanso kufotokozera mwachilungamo , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ochita kafukufuku ayenera kumveketsa zolinga zawo, njira zawo, ndi zotsatira zawo pazigawo zonse za kafukufuku wawo ndi kutenga udindo wawo. Njira yina yoganizira za kufotokozera mwachidziwitso kuwonetsetsa kuti ndikuyesetsa kuti anthu ochita kafukufuku asachite zinthu mobisa. Nkhaniyi yokhudzana ndi chiwonetserochi imathandiza kuti pakhale ndondomeko yowonjezereka kwa anthu pazokhazikitsana zoyenera, zomwe ndizofunikira pazifukwa zoyenera komanso zenizeni.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Chidwi ku maphunziro atatuwa omwe tawunika apa akusonyeza ena mwa ofufuza ovuta omwe akukumana nawo pankhani ya lamulo. Mwachitsanzo, Grimmelmann (2015) adatsutsa kuti Kugonana kwa Emotional Grimmelmann (2015) in State of Maryland. Makamaka, Maryland House Bill 917, yomwe idaperekedwa mu 2002, imaphatikizapo Common Rule kutetezera ku kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Maryland, popanda ndalama zowonjezera (akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Kugonana kwa Emotionally sikunagwirizane ndi Common Rule pansi pa Federal Law chifukwa chinkachitika pa Facebook , bungwe losalandira ndalama zofufuza kuchokera ku boma la US). Komabe, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti Maryland House Bill 917 imakhala yosagwirizana ndi malamulo (Grimmelmann 2015, 237–38) . Kuchita kafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino si oweruza, choncho sali okonzeka kumvetsetsa ndi kuyesa malamulo a malamulo onse a US 50. Zowonongeka izi zikuphatikizidwa muzinthu zadziko lonse. Enanso, mwachitsanzo, anaphatikizirapo anthu ochokera m'mayiko 170, omwe amachititsa kuti omvera azitsatira mosavuta. Pofuna kuwonetsa zachilengedwe zosavomerezeka, ochita kafukufuku angapindule ndi kuyang'anitsitsa ntchito zawo, monga chitsimikizo cha zokhudzana ndi malamulo komanso monga chitetezo chaumwini ngati kafukufuku wawo akuletsedwa mosadziwika.
Kumbali ina, maphunziro atatuwa adafalitsa zotsatira zawo mu nyuzipepala zophunzitsa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti anthu azidziwika bwino. Ndipotu, Kugonjetsa Kwaumtima kunasindikizidwa mu mawonekedwe otseguka, kotero anthu ochita kafukufuku ndi gulu lonse adadziwitsidwa-atatha kale-pangidwe ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku. Njira imodzi yofulumira komanso yowonongeka yopereka chidziwitso choonekera payekha ndikudzifunsa nokha: kodi ndingakhale womasuka ngati ndondomeko yanga yowonjezera inalembedwa pa tsamba loyamba la nyuzipepala ya kwathu? Ngati yankho ndilo ayi, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zanu zofunikirako zingafunike kusintha.
Potsirizira pake, lipoti la Belmont ndi Menlo Report limapereka mfundo zinayi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza kafukufuku: Kulemekeza Anthu, Kukonderera, Chilungamo, ndi kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Chidwi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zinayi izi pakuchita sizolunjika nthawi zonse, ndipo kungakhale kovuta kusinthanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, pokhudzana ndi chisankho ngati okhudzidwa ndi okhudzidwa ndi maganizo okhudzidwa ndi mtima, angalingalire kuti kulemekeza anthu kungakulimbikitseni kukambirana, pamene kukhumudwa kungakulepheretseni (ngati kukambirana kungawonongeke). Palibe njira yodzigwiritsira ntchito mfundo zotsutsanazi, koma mfundo zinayi zomwe zikuthandizira kumvetsetsa malonda, zimasonyeza kusintha kwa kafukufuku, ndikupangitsa ochita kafukufuku kufotokoza malingaliro awo kwa wina ndi mzake.
