6.4 Four mfundo

Mfundo zinayi zimene zingathandize akatswiri akukumana njakata zikuyenela: Kulemekeza Anthu, Beneficence, Justice, ndipo Kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Public Chidwi.

Makhalidwe abwino omwe ofufuza akukumana nawo m'zaka zadijito amasiyana mosiyana ndi awo akale. Komabe, ochita kafukufuku angathe kuthana ndi mavutowa mwa kumanga malingaliro oyambirira. Makamaka, ndikukhulupirira kuti mfundo zomwe zafotokozedwa mupoti ziwiri-Belmont Report (Belmont Report 1979) ndi Menlo Report (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) -ingathandize ochita kafukufuku kulingalira za mavuto omwe amakumana nawo. Monga momwe ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane muzowonjezera za chaputala ichi, malipoti onsewa ndi zotsatira za zaka zambiri za zokambirana ndi magulu a akatswiri omwe ali ndi mwayi wambiri wopereka thandizo kuchokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana.

Choyamba, mu 1974, pofufuza zolephera za ochita kafukufuku-monga phunziro lodziwika bwino la Tuskegee Syphilis komwe amuna pafupifupi mazana anayi a ku America amanyengedzedwa ndi ochita kafukufuku ndipo anakana kulandira chithandizo chabwino ndi choyenera kwa zaka pafupifupi 40 (onani zolemba zambiri) -Saint Congress inapanga bungwe la dziko kuti likhazikitse malamulo othandiza kuti afufuze za maphunziro a anthu. Patapita zaka zinayi ndikukumana ku Belmont Conference Center, gululi linapereka lipoti la Belmont , lolemba koma lolimba. Lipoti la Belmont ndilo lingaliro la Common Rule , malamulo omwe akutsogolera maphunziro aumunthu omwe amafufuza kuti IRBs ikhale ndi ntchito (Porter and Koski 2008) .

Kenaka, mu 2010, poyang'ana kulephera kwa makhalidwe a akatswiri a chitetezo cha makompyuta komanso zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a Belmont Report kwa kafukufuku wa zaka za digito, boma la US-makamaka Dipatimenti Yopereka Zosungira Kwawo - linakhazikitsa komiti ya buluu kupanga chikhalidwe chotsogolera cha kafufuzidwe kogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono ndi zamagetsi (ICT). Zotsatira za khama limeneli ndi Menlo Report (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) .

Pamodzi, Lipoti la Belmont ndi Menlo Report limapereka mfundo zinayi zomwe zingathe kutsogolera zolinga zoyenera ndi ochita kafukufuku: Kulemekeza Anthu , Kupeza Phindu , Chilungamo , ndi Kulemekeza Chilamulo ndi Chidwi . Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zinayi izi pakuchita sizolunjika nthawi zonse, ndipo kungakhale kovuta kusinthanitsa. Mfundozi, zimathandiza kuwunikira malonda, zimapangitsa kusintha kwa kafukufuku, ndikupangitsa ochita kafukufuku kufotokoza malingaliro awo kwa wina ndi mzake.