5.3.3 Zochita ndi Maluso

Peer-to-Patent ndi maitanidwe otseguka omwe amathandizira owona zovomerezeka kupeza zojambula zam'tsogolo; imasonyeza kuti maitanidwe otseguka angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mavuto omwe sangathe kuwatumizira ku quantification.

Ofufuza za patent amagwira ntchito mwakhama. Amalandira mafotokozedwe apamwamba, ovomerezedwa mwalamulo a zatsopano zopangidwa, ndiyeno ayenera kusankha ngati zofotokozedweratuzo ndi "buku lopatulika." Ndiko kuti woyesa ayenera kusankha ngati pali "kalembedwe" -matanthauzidwe omwe anawotchulidwa kale-omwe angapereke ndondomeko yosayenerera yapadera. Kuti timvetse momwe ntchitoyi ikugwirira ntchito, tiyeni tione wolemba za patent dzina lake Albert, polemekeza Albert Einstein yemwe adayamba ku Swiss Patent Office. Albert akhoza kulandira chilolezo monga US Patent 20070118658 yolembedwa ndi Hewlett Packard kwa "Kusankhidwa kwasankhidwe kachitidwe koyang'anira" ndipo inafotokozedwa kwambiri m'buku la Beth Noveck la Wiki Government (2009) . Pano pali chiyambidwe choyamba kuchokera ku ntchitoyi:

"A kompyuta chikukhudza: a purosesa; ndi zofunika athandizira / dongosolo linanena bungwe (BIOS) kuphatikizapo malangizo mfundo imene anaphedwa ndi purosesa ndi sintha pa purosesa kuti: kuyambitsa mphamvu mayeso kudzikonda (POST) processing mu zikuluzikulu dongosolo athandizira / linanena bungwe la chipangizo kompyuta; alipo mmodzi kapena angapo akamagwiritsa tcheru kasamalidwe mu mawonekedwe wosuta; kulandira kusankha chizindikiro kwa wosuta mawonekedwe kudzizindikiritsa mmodzi wa akamagwiritsa tcheru kasamalidwe kuperekedwa mu mawonekedwe wosuta; ndipo sintha chipangizo kuphatikizapo dongosolo kompyuta ndi kasamalidwe kuzindikiridwa tcheru mtundu. "

Kodi Albert ayenera kupereka mphoto kwa zaka 20 zokhala ndi ufulu wovomerezeka kapena wakhalapo kale? Zotsatira za zisankho zambiri zapamwamba zimakhala zapamwamba, koma mwatsoka, Albert adzipanga chisankho chopanda chidziwitso chomwe angafunikire. Chifukwa cha zifukwa zazikulu zowonjezera, Albert akugwira ntchito nthawi yovuta kwambiri ndipo ayenera kupanga chisankho chokhazikika pa maola 20 okha. Komanso, chifukwa chofunika kusunga chinsinsicho, Albert sakuloledwa kukaonana ndi akatswiri akunja (Noveck 2006) .

Izi zinapangitsa pulofesa wa malamulo Beth Noveck kukhala wosweka. Mu July 2005, atapatsidwa gawo lolembedwa ndi Wikipedia, adapanga chikhomo chotchedwa "Peer-to-Patent: Proposestestal Proposal" chomwe chimafuna kuti pulogalamu yowonongeka yowonongeka ipitirire. Pambuyo pa mgwirizano ndi US Patent ndi Trademark Office komanso makampani opanga zamakono monga IBM, Peer-to-Patent adayambitsidwa mu June 2007. Boma lazaka pafupifupi 200 la boma ndi gulu la alamulo limawoneka ngati malo osawoneka zatsopano, koma Peer-to-Patent ndi ntchito yokondweretsa aliyense.

Chithunzi 5.9: Mapulogalamu oyendetsa anzawo pafupipafupi. Kubwereranso kuchokera ku Bestor and Hamp (2010) .

Apa ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito (chithunzi 5.9). Pambuyo pa wojambula amavomereza kuti ntchito yake ichitike kudzera muzokambirana zam'mudzi (zambiri pa chifukwa chomwe angachite zimenezo kamphindi), ntchitoyi imatumizidwa ku webusaitiyi. Kenaka, ntchitoyi imakambidwa ndi owerengera ammudzi (kachiwiri, zowonjezera chifukwa chomwe angagwirizane nawo kamphindi), ndipo zitsanzo za zojambula zam'tsogolo zisanayambe zilipo, zifotokozedwa, ndipo zimatumizidwa ku webusaitiyi. Zomwe akukambirana, kufufuza, ndi kupititsa patsogolo zikupitirira, kufikira, pamapeto pake, gulu la owonetsa mavoti amavomereza kuti asankhe zidutswa khumi zapamwamba zomwe akuganiza kuti zisanachitikepo zomwe zimatumizidwa kwa woyezetsa milandu kuti ayambirane. Wofufuza wovomerezekayo ndiye amadzifufuza yekha ndipo kuphatikizapo zomwe Wopereka-Patent amapereka zimapereka chiweruzo.

Tiyeni tibwerere ku US Patent 20070118658 kwa "Kusankhidwa kwasankhidwa kachitidwe kowonongeka." Chilolezochi chinaperekedwa kwa Peer-to-Patent mu June 2007 kumene adawerengedwa ndi Steve Pearson, yemwe ndi injiniya wamkulu wa IBM. Pearson ankadziwa bwino malowa ndipo anapeza chithunzi choyambirira: buku lochokera ku Intel lomwe lili ndi "Active Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" lomwe lafalitsidwa zaka ziwiri zapitazo. Pokhala ndi ndondomekoyi, komanso zojambula zina zisanayambe ndi kukambirana kuchokera ku Peer-to-Patent, wofufuza za patent anayambitsa ndemanga yowona, ndipo potsirizira pake anataya pempho lovomerezeka, mbali imodzi chifukwa cha Intel manual kuti inali pafupi ndi Pearson (Noveck 2009) . Pa milandu 66 yomwe yatsiriza Peer-to-Patent, pafupifupi 30% yatsutsidwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito luso lakale lomwe linapezedwa kudzera mu Peer-to-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .

Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a Peer-to-Patent apange mwapadera ndi momwe amapezera anthu ndi zofuna zambiri zotsutsana kwa onse kuvina pamodzi. Otsogolera ali ndi zolimbikitsa kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali chifukwa ofesi ya maofesi amayendera mapulogalamu a Peer-to-Patent mofulumira kusiyana ndi zovomerezeka zomwe zimadutsa mwachinsinsi, ndondomeko yobwereza. Owongolera ali ndi chilimbikitso choti athe kutenga nawo mbali kuti athetse zovomerezeka zoipa, ndipo ambiri akuwoneka kuti akusangalala ndi zokondweretsa. Potsirizira pake, ofesi ya patent ndi oyesa ovomerezeka alimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo mbali chifukwa njirayi ingangowonjezera zotsatira zake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya m'deralo imapeza zida khumi zosapindulitsa zazomwe zisanachitike, zidutswa zopanda pakezi zikhoza kunyalanyazidwa ndi woyezetsa milandu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, Peer-to-Patent ndi wofufuza patent ogwira ntchito limodzi ayenera kukhala abwino kapena abwino kuposa wofufuza wovomerezeka akugwira ntchito payekha. Choncho, kuyitana kotsegulira sikungokhala m'malo mwa akatswiri; nthawi zina amathandiza akatswiri kuchita bwino ntchito yawo.

Ngakhale Peer-to-Patent ingaoneke ngati yosiyana ndi Netflix Mphoto ndi Foldit, ili ndi dongosolo lomwelo kuti njirazi ndi zosavuta kufufuza kuposa kupanga. Munthu wina atapanga buku loti "Active Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" ndi losavuta kwa wofufuza patent, makamaka - kutsimikizira kuti chikalata ichi ndi chisanachitike. Komabe, kupeza bukuli n'kovuta. Peer-to-Patent imasonyezanso kuti polojekiti yotseguka imatha ngakhale mavuto omwe sali ovomerezeka kuti asinthidwe.