5.4.3 Kutsiliza

Kusonkhanitsidwa kwa deta kumagawidwa n'kotheka, ndipo mtsogolomu idzaphatikizapo luso la sayansi ndi kutenga nawo mbali.

Monga eBird ikuwonetsera, kufalitsa kusonkhanitsa deta kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pafukufuku wa sayansi. Komanso, PhotoCity imasonyeza kuti mavuto okhudzana ndi sampuli ndi khalidwe la data akhoza kuthetsedwa. Kodi mungagawire bwanji ntchito yosonkhanitsa deta ku kafukufuku wamagulu? Chitsanzo chimodzi chimachokera ku ntchito ya Susan Watkins ndi anzake ku Malawi Journals Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Pulojekitiyi, anthu okwana 22-omwe amatchedwa "atolankhani" -wagwiritsa ntchito "mauthenga olankhulana" omwe analemba, mwatsatanetsatane, zokambirana zomwe adamva zokhudza AIDS m'masiku onse a anthu wamba (panthawi yomwe polojekiti inayamba, pafupifupi 15% ya akuluakulu ku Malawi anali ndi HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Chifukwa cha udindo wawo, atolankhaniwa ankatha kumvetsera zokambirana zomwe zikanatha kupezeka kwa Watkins ndi othandizira ake a ku Western (Ndikukambirana za makhalidwe a izi mtsogolomu pamene ndimapereka malangizo okhudza momwe mungagwirizanitsire ntchito yanu) . Deta kuchokera ku Malawi Journals Project yatsogolera kupeza zofunikira zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, polojekiti isanayambe, anthu ambiri akunja amakhulupirira kuti kulibe chete za AIDS m'madera akummwera kwa Sahara, koma nkhani zosiyirana zinasonyeza kuti izi sizinali choncho: atolankhani anamva zambiri za nkhaniyi, m'malo osiyanasiyana monga maliro, mipiringidzo, ndi mipingo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mndandanda wa zokambiranazi zinathandiza ochita kafukufuku kumvetsetsa bwino njira zina zotsutsana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu; njira yomwe kondomu imagwiritsira ntchito inakhazikitsidwa m'mauthenga a umoyo wa anthu anali osagwirizana ndi momwe adakambidwira mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .

Inde, monga deta kuchokera ku eBird, deta kuchokera ku Malawi Journals Project siywiro, nkhani yomwe takambirana mwatsatanetsatane ndi Watkins ndi anzako. Mwachitsanzo, zokambirana zolembedwa sizitsanzo zosasintha za zokambirana zomwe zingatheke. M'malo mwake, ndizowerengera zosakwanira zokhudza zokambirana za Edzi. Malingana ndi khalidwe la deta, ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti atolankhani awo anali olemba nkhani zapamwamba, monga umboni wokhutira mwa makanema ndi m'magazini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, atolankhani othawa adatumizidwa pa zochepa zokha ndikugwiritsira ntchito mfundo inayake, zinali zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito redundancy kuti aone ndi kuonetsetsa kuti chidziwitso cha data chikhale chotani. Mwachitsanzo, wogwira ntchito yogonana wotchedwa "Stella" adawonetsa kangapo m'magazini a alangizi anayi osiyana (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso chanu, patebulo 5.3 likuwonetsa zitsanzo zina za kusonkhanitsa deta kwa kafukufuku wa anthu.

Zitsanzo zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa mu gawo ili zikuphatikizidwapo mwakhama: olemba nyuzipepala zokambirana zomwe adazimva; mbalame zimasindikiza ma checklists awo; kapena osewera adatsitsa zithunzi zawo. Nanga bwanji ngati kutenga nawo mbali kungakhale kosavuta ndipo sikukufuna luso kapena nthawi yoti mudziwe? Ili ndilo lonjezano loperekedwa ndi "kumvetsetsa" kapena "kulingalira pakati pa anthu." Mwachitsanzo, Pothole Patrol, polojekiti ya asayansi ku MIT, yokhala ndi ma-accelerometers okwana GPS mkati mwa taxi cabs ku Boston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Chifukwa choyendetsa galasi lamagetsi a accelerometer, zipangizozi, zikaikidwa mkati mwa makasitoma oyendayenda, zimatha kupanga mapu a mapaipi a Boston. Inde, matekisi samayendetsa misewu yowonongeka, koma, atapatsidwa ma teksi okwanira, pakhoza kukhala chithunzi chokwanira kuti mudziwe zambiri za zigawo zazikulu za mzindawu. Phindu lachiwiri la machitidwe omwe amadalira zipangizo zamakono ndikuti amatha kudziwa njira yopezera deta. Pamafunikanso luso lothandizira ku eBird (chifukwa muyenera kudziwa bwinobwino mitundu ya mbalame), sizifuna luso lapadera zimathandiza ku Pothole Patrol.

Kupitabe patsogolo, ndikuganiza kuti ambiri amapereka ntchito zosonkhanitsa deta ayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za mafoni a m'manja omwe atengedwa kale ndi mabiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mafoni awa ali ndi masensa ambiri ofunikira, monga mafonifoni, makamera, zipangizo za GPS, ndi ma clocks. Komanso, akuthandizira mapulogalamu a chipani chachitatu kuti athandizire ena kuti azitha kuyang'anira ndondomeko yoyenera yosonkhanitsa deta. Potsirizira pake, ali ndi intaneti, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti asiye-kusunga deta yomwe amasonkhanitsa. Pali zovuta zambiri zamakono, kuyambira zozizwitsa zopanda malire mpaka moyo wa batri wochepa, koma mavutowa akhoza kuchepa pakapita nthawi ngati teknoloji ikuyamba. Zovuta zokhudzana ndi zachinsinsi ndi chikhalidwe, komano, zingakhale zovuta; Ndidzabweranso ku mafunso a makhalidwe abwino pamene ndikupereka uphungu wokhudzana ndi kugwirizana kwanu.

Pa ntchito yosonkhanitsa deta, odzipereka amapereka deta zokhudza dziko. Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, ndipo ntchito zamtsogolo zidzayenera kuthana ndi zitsanzo zazitsanzo ndi khalidwe la deta. Mwamwayi, ntchito zomwe zilipo monga PhotoCity ndi Pothole Patrol zimapereka njira zothetsera mavutowa. Pamene mapulojekiti ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimathandiza kuti asakhale ndi luso lochita nawo ntchito, amapereka ntchito zosonkhanitsa deta ziyenera kuwonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza akatswiri kuti asonkhanitse deta yomwe ilibe malire m'mbuyomu.