5.1 Kuyamba

Wikipedia ndi zodabwitsa. Kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa odzipereka kunapanga buku lochititsa chidwi lomwe liripo kwa aliyense. Chinsinsi cha kupambana kwa Wikipedia sichinali chidziwitso chatsopano; M'malo mwake, unali mawonekedwe atsopano. M'badwo wa digito, mwachisangalalo, imathandiza mitundu yatsopano ya mgwirizano. Choncho, tiyenera kufunsa tsopano: Kodi ndi mavuto aakulu ati a sayansi-mavuto amene sitingathe kuthetsa payekha-kodi tsopano tikhoza kuthana nawo?

Mgwirizano mu kafukufuku si, ndithudi. Zinthu zatsopano Komabe, kuti m'badwo digito chimathandiza mgwirizano ndi kwakukulu zinthu zosiyanasiyana ya anthu: mabiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse ndi Intaneti. Ndimayembekezera kuti atsopano misa collaborations idzapereka zotsatira zodabwitsa chifukwa chabe chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali okhudzidwa komanso chifukwa cha luso osiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro. Kodi tingatani kuti kutchula aliyense ndi Intaneti mu ndondomeko yathu kafukufuku? Kodi mungatani 100 ogwira kafukufuku? Kodi pafupifupi 100,000 aluso othandiza?

Pali mitundu yambiri yogwirizanirana, ndipo asayansi amatha kupanga bungwe lawo muzinthu zambiri zamagulu (Quinn and Bederson 2011) . Komabe, mu mutu uno, ndikugawira mapulojekiti amtundu wogwirizana pogwiritsa ntchito momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kafukufuku wa anthu. Makamaka, ndikuganiza kuti ndizothandiza kuti tisiyanitse pakati pa mitundu itatu ya polojekiti: kuwerengera kwa anthu , kutseguka , ndikugawana zosonkhanitsa deta (chithunzi 5.1).

Ndidzalongosola mwachindunji mndandanda uliwonse wa mndandandawu, koma tsopano ndikuloleni ndikufotokozereni mwachidule. Ntchito masovedwe anthu oyenereradi mavuto zosavuta ntchito-zazikulu lonse monga pomanena miliyoni zithunzi. Awa ndi mapulojekiti omwe akale angakhale atapangidwa ndi othandizira olemba kafukufuku wapamwamba. Zopereka sizikusowa luso lothandizira ntchito, ndipo zotsatira zomalizira zimakhala zowerengeka za zopereka zonse. Chitsanzo choyambirira cha polojekiti ya anthu ndi Galaxy Zoo, kumene anthu odzipereka okwana zana limodzi anathandiza akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo kuti azigawa milalang'amba miyanda. Tsegulani ntchito zowunikira, komano, zogwirizana ndi mavuto pamene mukuyang'ana mayankho atsopano ndi osayembekezeka a mafunso omwe anapangidwa bwino. Izi ndizo ntchito zomwe kale zinkaphatikizapo kufunsa anzanu. Zopereka zimachokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi luso lapadera logwirizana ndi ntchito, ndipo zotsatira zomalizira ndizo zabwino koposa zopereka zonse. Chitsanzo chachiyero cha kuyitanidwa ndi Netflix Mphoto, kumene masauzande ambiri asayansi ndi oseketsa adagwira ntchito kukhazikitsa njira zatsopano zowonetsera makasitomala a mafilimu. Potsirizira pake, kufalitsa ntchito zosonkhanitsa deta ndizoyenera kukonzekera deta yaikulu. Izi ndizo ntchito zomwe kale zidachitidwa ndi othandizidwe apamwamba a kafukufuku wophunzira kapena kafukufuku wofufuza. Zopereka zimachokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi malo omwe ochita kafukufuku sachita, ndipo chinthu chomalizira ndicho chosonkhanitsa chophweka cha zoperekazo. Chitsanzo chapadera cha kusonkhanitsa deta ndi eBird, kumene opereka mazana ambiri amapereka malipoti okhudza mbalame zomwe amaziwona.

Chithunzi 5.1: Misa mgwirizano chojambula. Mutu uwu ndi bungwe kuzungulira njira zitatu zikuluzikulu za mgwirizano misa: anthu masovedwe, kuitana lotseguka, ndipo anagawira zosonkhanitsira deta. More zambiri, mgwirizano misa Chili maganizo m'minda monga nzika sayansi, crowdsourcing, ndi nzeru gulu.

Kuphatikizana kwa misa kumakhala mbiri yakale, yolemera m'madera monga zakuthambo (Marshall, Lintott, and Fletcher 2015) ndi zachilengedwe (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) , koma sizodziwikiratu kafukufuku wa anthu. Komabe, pofotokoza ntchito zopambana kuchokera kumadera ena ndikupereka mfundo zochepa zofunikira, ndikuyembekeza kukutsutsani za zinthu ziwiri. Choyamba, mgwirizano misa akhoza itagwiritsidwa ntchito kafukufuku chikhalidwe. Ndipo, kachiwiri, ofufuza omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wambiri adzathetsa mavuto omwe kale ankawoneka osatheka. Ngakhale kuti kugwirizanitsa misala nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsidwa ngati njira yopulumutsira ndalama, ndizoposa zomwezo. Monga momwe ndisonyezera, mgwirizano wambiri sikutilola kuti tichite kafukufuku wotsika mtengo , zimatithandiza kufufuza bwino .

Mu mitu yapitayi, mwawona zomwe mungaphunzire pakuchita ndi anthu m'njira zitatu: kuyang'ana khalidwe lawo (Chaputala 2), kuwafunsa mafunso (Chaputala 3), ndikuwalembera muzoyesera (Chaputala 4). M'mutu uno, ndikuwonetsani zomwe mungaphunzire mwa kupanga anthu monga othandizira ofufuza. Pazigawo zitatu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa, ndikufotokoza chitsanzo chowonetseratu, kufotokozera mfundo zina zofunika ndi zitsanzo zowonjezereka, ndikufotokozera momwe mawonekedwewa angagwiritsire ntchito kafukufuku wa anthu. Chaputalachi chidzatha ndi mfundo zisanu zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupanga pulojekiti yanu yogwirizana.