4.2 He aha e ngā whakamātau?
Randomized ngā mana i wha kai matua: kimi o ngā kaiuru, Tupurangitanga o maimoatanga, tuku o te maimoatanga, me te ine o ngā putanga.
Ka taea e randomized ngā whakahaere tango maha puka me taea te whakamahi ki te ako maha ngā momo o te whanonga. Ko, i to ratou matua, randomized ngā whakahaere whai wha kai matua: kimi o ngā kaiuru, Tupurangitanga o maimoatanga, tuku o te maimoatanga, me te ine o ngā putanga. e kore e te tau mamati te huri i te āhua tumu o te tamataraa, engari e te reira meinga ratou māmā logistically. Hei tauira, i roto i te mua i te reira kia kua uaua ki te ine i te whanonga o mirioni o te iwi, engari e te inaianei angamaheni tupu i roto i te maha ngā pūnaha mamati. Kairangahau ko wai e ahei te feruri i roto i pehea ki te tito i enei whai wāhitanga hou ka taea ki te whakahaere i ngā i taea i mua.
Ki te hanga tenei he moka katoa atu raima-rua te mea kua noho te taua, me te aha kua puta ke-kia whakaaro a Michael Restivo me Arnout van de Rijt o (2012) . hiahia nga kairangahau ki te mahino te pānga o utu hoa ōpaki i runga i ngā ētita ki Wikipedia. I roto i ngā, ako ratou nga pānga o barnstars, he tohu e taea tetahi Wikipedian hoatu ki tetahi atu Wikipedian ki whakaae mahi pakeke, me te itoito e tika. hoatu Restivo ko van de Rijt barnstars ki te 100 Wikipedians tika. Na, whaia Restivo me van de Rijt takoha muri nga kaiwhiwhi 'ki Wikipedia runga i te 90 nga ra i muri mai. He nui ki to ratou maere, tiaki te iwi whakawhiwhia ki nei ratou barnstars ki hanga iti whakatika i muri i te fariiraa i kotahi. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te titiro ki te kia haaparuparu, kaua ki te akiaki takoha te barnstars.
Aua'e, Restivo me van de Rijt kihai i rere i te "perturb ka mau" whakamātau; i rere ratou he whakamātau e whakahaeretia randomized. Na, i roto i te tua ki te kōwhiri 100 kaitakoha runga ki te farii i te barnstar, tangohia ano ratou 100 wāhi runga kihai i hoatu ki nei ratou he barnstar. Enei rau i mahi ano te rōpū mana, a ko wai ka te barnstar me kihai i nei i takoto matapōkeretia. A, no te titiro Restivo me van de Rijt i te rōpū mana kitea e ratou i reira he maturuturunga iho te pari i roto i ngā rawa. I te pae hopea, no te whakaritea te kairangahau iwi i roto i te rōpū maimoatanga (arā, riro barnstars) me te iwi i roto i te rōpū mana, kitea ratou e meinga te barnstar ētita ki te wāhi e pā ana ki te 60% atu. Ko, tenei hua i roto i te takoha i tango te wahi hei wāhanga o te heke whānui i roto i ngā rōpū e rua.
Ka rite ki tenei ako whakaatu, he nui i roto i te ara e ko ahua ihoa te rōpū mana i roto i ngā. Roto i te tikanga ki te ine i ïa te pānga o barnstars, e hiahiatia ana Restivo me van der Rijt ki mau te iwi i kore e whiwhi barnstars. E rave rahi mau taime kairangahau e kore e mōhio ki te ngā nei kore ki te mauruuru i te uara whakaponohia o te rōpū mana. Ki te kahore i Restivo me van de Rijt i te rōpū mana, e kua unu ratou rite te faaotiraa hape. He pera nui i mea ai te CEO o te kamupene Casino nui kua e reira e toru anake ara e taea te pupuhi kaimahi i tona kamupene rōpū Mana: tahae, mahi tūkino, me te rere i te whakamātau, kahore te rōpū mana (Schrage 2011) .
whakaatu Restivo ko van de Rijt o ako te kai wha matua o te whakamātau: kimi, Tupurangitanga, te wawaotanga, me ngā putanga. Huihui, tukua enei kai e wha pūtaiao ki te neke tua atu correlations me whanganga te pānga causal o maimoatanga. Tüturu, Tupurangitanga te tikanga e ka whakataurite koutou putanga mo te maimoatanga me te mana rōpū whiwhi koe i te tata o te pānga causal o taua wawaotanga mo taua huinga o ngā kaiuru. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ki te whakamātau e whakahaeretia randomized taea e koe mohio e meinga e te wawaotanga me te kore tetahi rerekētanga i roto i te putanga i te confounder, he kerēme e hanga pū ahau i roto i te Hangarau Tāpiritanga te whakamahi i te anga putanga pea.
I tua atu ki te he fakatātā pai o nga rehe o ngā, whakaatu hoki Restivo me van de Rijt o ako e taea te logistics o ngā mamati kia tino rerekē i ngā tairitenga. I roto i te Restivo me whakamātau o van de Rijt, ko reira ohie ki te hoatu i te barnstar ki tetahi i roto i te ao nei, a ko reira ohie ki te aru i te putanga-maha o whakatika-i runga i te wā roa o te wā (no te mea kei te tuhituhi aunoa hītori whakatika e Wikipedia). Tenei kaha ki te whakaora maimoatanga, me te ine i ngā putanga i kore utu he qualitatively pērā ngā i roto i te mua. Ahakoa whai wāhi tenei whakamātau 200 iwi, te reira i taea kua rere ki 2,000 20,000 ranei iwi. Te mea matua ārai i te kairangahau i whakatauine ake to ratou whakamātau i te take o te 100 kihai i utu, ko reira matatika. E ko, kihai i Restivo me van de Rijt hiahia ki te hoatu barnstars ki ētita e põpula a kihai ratou i hiahia ratou whakamātau ki te whakapōrearea i te hapori Wikipedia (Restivo and Rijt 2012; Restivo and Rijt 2014) . Na, ahakoa he āhua ohie te whakamātautau o Restivo me van de Rijt, āta whakaatu te reira e kua noho te tahi mau mea e pā ana ki ngā te taua, me te kua ke etahi. I roto i ngā, ko te taua te arorau taketake o te tamataraa, engari kua puta ke te logistics. Next, i roto i te tikanga ki te ake āta tutakina nga whai wāhitanga hanga e tenei huringa, ka whakarite ahau i te ngā e nehenehe e rave kairangahau i teie nei ki te momo o ngā e kua meatia i roto i te mua.
