4.5.2 Partner ki te kaha

Ka taea e te tühono atu whakaiti i ngā utu, me te whakapiki ake i tauine, engari ka taea e whakarereketia te reira nga momo o ngā kaiuru, maimoatanga, me ngā putanga e taea e koe te whakamahi i.

Te rerekē ki te mahi i te reira koe mahi ai ki te whakahaere kaha pērā i te kamupene, te kāwanatanga, NGO ranei. Te painga o te mahi ki te hoa ko e taea ratou taea e koe ki te whakahaere i ngā e kore e taea e tika koe e koe. Hei tauira, tetahi o nga ngā e ka korerotia e ahau ki a koutou e pā ana ki raro wāhi 61 miriona kaiuru; kahore kairangahau takitahi taea te whakatutuki i taua tauine. I te wa ano e faarahi te tühono atu ta koutou e nehenehe e rave, te reira ano hoki, te wā kotahi, akiakina ana koe. Hei tauira, e kore e te nuinga o ngā kamupene tukua ki a koe te rere i te whakamātau e taea kino ratou mahi ratou ingoa ranei. Te mahi ki te hoa te tikanga hoki e ka tae mai te reira te wa ki te whakaputa i, kia haere mai koe i raro i te pēhanga ki "re-anga" koutou hua, me etahi hoa ai noa tamata ki te aukati i te whakaputanga o tou mahi ki te hanga i te reira ratou e titiro kino. I te pae hopea, e mahi hoki mai ki te utu e pā ana ki te whakawhanake me te pupuri i enei mahi tahi.

Ko te wero matua e whai ki te kia kitea ki te hanga angitu enei hononga kei te kimi i te ara ki te taurite te ngākau nuitanga o ngā taha e rua, me te ara āwhina ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki taua pauna ko a Pasteur Hauwhā Porohita (Stokes 1997) . whakaaro maha kairangahau e te mea kei te mahi ratou i runga i te tahi mea mahi-te tahi mea e ai kia o ngā ki te hoa-na ratou e taea e kore te mahi pūtaiao tūturu. ka meinga tenei pakirehua reira tino uaua ki te waihanga hononga angitu, a reira tupu hoki ki te kia tino he. Te raruraru ki tenei ara o te whakaaro te whakamiharo faahoho'ahia e te rangahau ara-whawhati o kaikoiora Louis Pasteur. I te mahi i runga i te kaupapa FERMENTATION arumoni ki te tahuri pīti wai ki te waipiro, kitea Pasteur he piha hou o te moroiti e te mutunga arahina ki te ariā iroriki o te mate. kitea tēnei kitea he raruraru-te reira rawa mahi i āwhina te whakapai ake i te tukanga o te FERMENTATION-a arahi te reira ki te mua pūtaiao nui. Ko te kupu, nui atu i te whakaaro e pā ana ki te rangahau ki te tono mahi rite te i roto i te pakanga ki te rangahau pūtaiao pono, he pai ki te whakaaro o enei rite e rua ngā āhuatanga motuhake. Ka taea te ue'i Rangahau i te whakamahi (kore rānei) a taea rangahau rapu māramatanga taketake (ranei e kore e). Arohaehae, etahi Pasteur's-taea rangahau-rite kia ue'i e whakamahi, me te rapu māramatanga taketake (Figure 4.16). Rangahau i Hauwhā Porohita-rangahau o Pasteur e ere Kōkiritanga rua whāinga-he pai hoki mahi tahi i waenganui i kairangahau me hoa. Hoatu taua whakamārama, ka whakaahua ahau e rua rangahau whakamātautau ki hononga: kotahi ki te kamupene me te kotahi ki te NGO.

Whakaahua 4.16: Hauwhā Porohita o Pasteur (e hāngai ana i runga i Fig 3.5 i Stokes (1997) ). Nui atu i te whakaaro o te rangahau rite rānei "taketake" ranei "tono" he pai ki te whakaaro o te rangahau rite ue'i e whakamahi (e kore ranei) me te rapu māramatanga taketake (ranei e kore e). He tauira o te rangahau e ue'i e rua e whakamahi, me te rapu māramatanga tumu he mahi o Pasteur runga tahuri pīti wai ki te waipiro e arahi ki te ariā iroriki o te mate. Ko te ahua o te mahi e he pai hāngai hoki hononga ki te kaha tenei. Tauira o te mahi ue'i e whakamahi engari e kore e rapu māramatanga taketake mai i Thomas Edison, me tauira o te mahi e kore e te e ue'i e whakamahi engari e rapu matauranga mai i Niels Bohr. Vakai, Stokes (1997) mo te aparauraa atu tino o tenei anga me ia o enei take.

kamupene nui, otirā kamupene hangarau, kua whakawhanakehia hanganga mātanga mīharo mō te rere ngā matatini. I roto i te ahumahi hangarau, kei te maha i huaina enei ngā te whakamātautau / B (no te mea whakamatautau ratou te whai huatanga o rua maimoatanga: He me B). Ko ēnei ngā pinepine rere hoki nga mea rite te whakanui ake reiti pāwhiri-i roto i runga i pānuitanga, engari e taea hoki te whakamahi i te hanganga whakamātau taua mo te rangahau e Kōkiritanga matauranga pūtaiao. He tauira e whakaatu te pūmanawa o tenei ahua o te rangahau ko te ako whakahaere e te mahi ngātahi i waenganui i ngā kairangahau i Facebook me te University o California, San Diego, i runga i nga pānga o ngā karere rerekē i runga i kaipōti huihuinga (Bond et al. 2012) .

I te Whiringa-2, ka mau wahi 2010-te ra o te US pōtitanga-katoa congressional 61 miriona Facebook kaiwhakamahi e noho i roto i te US me kei runga 18 i roto i te whakamātautau mō te pōti. Ki runga ki te toro Facebook, i matapōkeretia kaiwhakamahi tautapatia ki tetahi o toru ngā rōpū, i whakaritea he aha kara (ki tetahi) i whakanohoia i te tihi o to ratou Feed News (Whakaahua 4.17):

• he rōpū mana.
• he karere mōhiohio e pā ana ki te pōti ki te clickable "pōti ahau" pātene me te counter (info).
• he karere mōhiohio e pā ana ki te pōti ki te clickable "pōti ahau" pātene me te porotiti + ingoa me ngā pikitia o ō rātou hoa nei i pāwhiri kē te "pōti ahau" (info + pāpori).

ako Bond me hoa e rua ngā putanga matua: korerotia pōti whanonga me te whanonga pōti tūturu. Tuatahi, kitea ana e ratou i te iwi i roto i te rōpū info + pāpori e pā ana ki 2 ngā ōrau nui ake pea i to te iwi i roto i te rōpū info ki pāwhiri "pōti ahau" (e pā ana ki 20% vs 18%). I tua atu, i muri i nga kairangahau hanumi ratou raraunga ki te pūkete pōti e wātea ana nuitia hoki e pā ana ki 6 miriona iwi kitea ratou i te iwi i roto i te info + rōpū pāpori 0.39 ngā ōrau pea atu ki mau te pōti atu i te iwi i roto i te huru mana me e te iwi i roto i te rōpū info rite tonu pea ki te pōti rite iwi i roto i te huru mana (Figure 4.17).

Whakaahua 4.17: Hua i te whakamātau whiwhi-waho-te-pōti i runga i Facebook (Bond et al. 2012) . Kaiuru i roto i te rōpū info pōti i te auau taua ano te iwi i roto i te huru mana, engari pōti iwi i roto i te info + rōpū pāpori i te tere paku teitei. Pae fakatā tata 95% ngā āputa māia. Hua i roto i te kauwhata ngā pā ana ki 6 miriona kaiuru mō taea nei kairangahau ōrite ki ngā pūkete pōti.

E whakaatu ana tēnei whakamātau e he nui ake whai hua atu i ētahi atu etahi karere whiwhi-waho-te-pōti online, a whakaatu reira e taea tata o kairangahau o te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga whakawhirinaki i runga i ranei ako ratou korero whanonga tūturu ranei. Tenei whakamātau kāore e kore e whakaherea tetahi tīwhiri e pā ana ki te tikanga i roto i nei te kōrero-i pāpori kua pārekareka huaina etahi kairangahau i te "puranga mata" pōti -increased. i taea e te reira e nui haere te mōhiohio pāpori te tūponotanga e ite te tangata te kara i nui haere te reira i te tūponotanga e te tangata te tangata i mohio te kara mau pōti ranei e rua ranei. Ko te kupu, e whakarato ana tenei whakamātau he kitenga ngā e ka pea tūhura atu kairangahau (kite hei tauira, Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) ).

I tua atu ki te atu i te whāinga o te kairangahau, i whakanuia ano hoki tenei whakamātau te whāinga o te whakahaere hoa (Facebook). Ki te huri koe i te whanonga ako i pōti ki te hoko hopi, ka taea e koe te kite e te ako e te hanganga ano tangohia hei whakamātau ki te ine i te pānga o pānuitanga ipurangi (kite hei tauira, Lewis and Rao (2015) ). Ēnei rangahau ad tōtika pinepine ine i te pānga o te rongo ki te ipurangi pānuitanga-te maimoatanga i Bond et al. (2012) e waiwai pānuitanga mō te pöti-i runga i te whanonga tuimotu. Ko te kupu, tenei ako taea te kōkiri kaha o Facebook ki te ako i te whai huatanga o pānuitanga ipurangi a taea tauturu i Facebook riria pānui pea e whai hua Facebook pānuitanga.

Ahakoa i te nuinga o nga ngākau nuitanga o te kairangahau me ngā hoa hāngai i roto i tenei ako, i hoki ratou wāhanga i roto i te mānukanuka. I roto i ngā, i te tohanga o ngā kaiuru ki te toru tikanga-mana, info, me info + pāpori-i rahi imbalanced: 98% o te tauira i faataahia ki info + pāpori. Ko tenei tohatoha imbalanced hauarea tauanga, me te tohatoha pai nui mo nga kairangahau e kua kua 1/3 o te whai wāhi i roto i te pŭpŭ tata'itahi. Ko, tupu te tohanga imbalanced no te hiahia Facebook katoa ki te farii i te info + maimoatanga pāpori. Aua'e, whawhati i ta nga kairangahau ratou ki te pupuri hoki 1% mo te maimoatanga e hāngai ana, me te 1% o ngā kaiuru mō te rōpū mana. I waho te rōpū mana kua e kua reira fele taea ki te ine i te pānga o te info + maimoatanga pāpori e kua no i te reira i te "perturb ka mau" whakamātau, nui atu i te whakamātau whakahaeretia randomized. Tenei tauira whakarato te haapiiraa mahi faufaa mō te mahi ki te hoa: ētahi wā te hanga koe i te whakamātau mā te haapapūraa tangata ki te whakaora i te maimoatanga, me te tahi mau taime te hanga koe i te whakamātau mā te haapapūraa te tangata e kore e ki te whakaora i te maimoatanga (arā, ki te hanga i tētahi rōpū mana).

e kore e hiahia tonu Partnership ki ngā kamupene hangarau me ngā whakamātautau te / B ki milioni o ngā kaiuru. Hei tauira, Alexander Coppock, Andrew Guess, ko John Ternovski (2016) ngätahi ki te NGO taiao (League o Papa Atawhai kaipōti) ki te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau rautaki rerekē mō te whakatairanga roopu pāpori. whakamahia nga kairangahau pūkete Twitter o te NGO ki te tonoa atu e rua tweets tūmatanui me ngā karere hāngai tūmataiti e ngana ki pirimia momo rerekē o te tuakiri. ka whanganga nga kairangahau i o enei karere i whai hua te nuinga mō te akiaki i te iwi ki te haina i te petihana me te mōhiohio retweet e pā ana ki te petihana.

Whānui, e mahi ki te kaha e āhei ki te mahi koe i te tauine e he pakeke ki te mahi rere ke, me te Ripanga 4.3 whakarato i ētahi atu tauira o ngā hononga i waenganui i kairangahau me ngā rōpū. Ka taea e te tühono atu kia nui māmā atu te hanga koutou ake whakamātau. Ko, haere mai enei painga ki huakore: e taea hononga whakawhāiti i te momo o ngā kaiuru, maimoatanga, me ngā putanga e taea e koe te ako. I tua atu, ka taea e enei hononga arahi ki tamataraa matatika. Te ara pai ki te kimihia ha faingamālie mo te hononga ko ki te kite i te raruraru tūturu e taea e koe te whakaoti i ana koe ngā pūtaiao. Ki te kore koe e whakamahia ki tenei ara o titiro i te ao, e taea e te reira uaua ki te kimihia raruraru i roto i te Hauwhā Porohita o Pasteur, engari ki te mahi, ka tīmata koe ki te kite ia ratou ake me te ake.