4.5.1.2 Hanga koutou ake whakamātau

Te hanga koutou ake whakamātau kia utu ai, engari ka taea te reira koe ki te hanga i te whakamātau e hiahia ana koe.

I tua atu ki te kopaki ngā i runga i te tihi o ngā taiao tīariari, ka taea e hoki te hanga e koe tou ake whakamātau. Ko te painga matua o tenei huarahi he mana; ki te kei te hanga koe i te whakamātau, ka taea e koe te hanga i te taiao, me te maimoatanga e hiahia ana koe. Ka taea e ēnei taiao whakamātautau taunaha hanga wāhitanga ki te whakamātau i ariā e kore e taea ki te whakamatautau i roto i ngā taiao fakanatula puta. Nga drawbacks matua o te hanga koutou ake whakamātau e e taea e te mea utu, me te e te taiao e taea ki te waihanga e kore ai te talena o te pūnaha fakanatula puta ko koe. Me whai kairangahau hanga ano ratou ake whakamātau he rautaki mō te whakatū i ngā kaiuru. A, no te mahi i roto i ngā pūnaha ngā, kei te tino kairangahau mau mai i nga ngā ki o ratou kaiuru. Otira, ka hanga kairangahau ratou ake whakamātau, Me ratou ki te kawe mai kaiuru ki reira. Aua'e, ratonga pērā i Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) e taea te whakarato kairangahau i te ara watea ki te kawe ngā kaiuru ki o ratou ngā.

Ko tētahi tauira e whakaatu ana i nga maitai o ngā taiao taunaha mō te whakamatautau ariā waitara ko te taiwhanga whakamātau mamati e Gregory Huber, Heta Hill, ko Kapariera Lenz (2012) . Te whakamātau tūhura te fakangatangata mahi taea ki te mahi o te kāwanatanga manapori. whakaaro mua rangahau kore-whakamātautau o ngā pōtitanga tūturu e kore e taea e ki te aromatawai tika te mahi o ngā kaitōrangapū tūru ngā kaipōti. I roto i ngā, puta ngā kaipōti ki te mamae i toru o näianei: 1) e arotahi ana ki tata, nui atu i te mahi tāpiripiri; 2) manipulatable i kōrero, waihanga, me te hokohoko; a 3) awe e ngā auauhia, ki te mahi mau, pērā i te angitu o te kapa hākinakina rohe me te rangi. I roto i enei akoranga mua, Heoi, ko reira uaua ki te tutakina tetahi o enei āhuatanga i te tahi atu mea katoa e tupu i roto i te mau, pōtitanga pōrohe. Na reira, hanga Huber me hoa i te taiao pōti tino māmā i roto i te tikanga ki te tutakina, a ka ako experimentally, ia o enei o näianei taea e toru.

Ka rite ki te whakaahua e ahau te whakamātau i whakaritea-ake i raro reira kei te haere ki te tangi rawa horihori, engari mahara e kore he talena te whāinga i roto i ngā taiwhanga-kāhua. Engari, ko te whāinga ko te ki mārama tutakina atu te tukanga e e ngana ana koe ki te ako, a ka he te tahi mau taime e kore tenei wehe raru taea i roto i te rangahau ki atu talena (Falk and Heckman 2009) . I tua atu, i roto i tenei take ngā, tohe nga kairangahau e ki te kore e taea e te arotake tōtika ngā kaipōti mahi i roto i tēnei tautuhinga tino māmā, ka kore e haere ratou ki te e taea ki te mahi i te reira i roto i te, tautuhinga matatini ake ake tūturu.

Huber me hoa whakamahia Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) ki te kimi kaiuru. Kia whakaratohia he whai wāhi whakaaetanga mōhio ka haere he whakamātautau poto, ka korerotia e ia i te whai wāhi ia i roto i te kēmu a tawhio 32 ki te whiwhi tohu e taea te tahuri ki te moni tūturu. I te timatanga o te kēmu, ka korerotia ia kaiuru i taua i whakarite ia i te "allocator" e e hoatu ana tohu noa ia a tawhio noa, me i nui atu ohaoha atu etahi etahi allocators. I tua atu, ka korerotia ano ia kaiuru e pai ai kia ia he faingamālie ki rānei te pupuri ia allocator kia whakaritea he tangata hou i muri i te 16 rauna o te kēmu ranei. Homai he aha mohio koutou e pā ana ki Huber me ngā whāinga rangahau hoa ', ka taea e kite koe e te allocator tohu te kāwanatanga, me te tohu tenei whiriwhiri he pōtitanga, engari kihai i mohio o nga whāinga whānui o te rangahau ngā kaiuru. I roto i te katoa, haina Huber me hoa e pā ana ki 4,000 ngā kaiuru e pā ana ki $ 1.25 nei i utua mo te mahi e tangohia e pā ana ki 8 meneti.

A haamana'o na e ko tetahi o nga kitenga i te rangahau mua e kaipōti utu, me te whiua incumbents mō ngā putanga e mārama tua atu ratou mana, pērā i te angitu o ngā kapa hākinakina rohe me te rangi. Ki te aromatawai mehemea taea te awe whakatau pōti ngā kaiuru i ngā pono tupurangi i roto i to ratou tautuhinga, tāpiri Huber me hoa he rota ki to ratou pūnaha whakamātautau. I rānei te tawhio 8 te a tawhio 16 ranei (arā, e tika ana i mua i te whai wāhi ki te whakakapi i te allocator) kaiuru i matapōkeretia whakanohoia i roto i te rota te wahi riro etahi 5000 ngā, etahi riro 0 ngā, me etahi ngaro 5000 ngā. tikanga tenei rota i ki te i ngā rongo pai, ahakoa kino e he motuhake o te mahi o te kaitōrangapū. Ahakoa āta i korerotia kaiuru e ko auauhia ki te mahi o to ratou allocator te rota, te putanga o te rota pānga tonu whakatau kaiuru '. Kaiuru e hua i te rota i pea atu ki te pupuri i to ratou allocator, a ko kaha tenei pānga ka tupu te rota i roto i te taka noa 16-tika i te aroaro o te whakakapinga whakatau-atu, no te tupu i te reira i roto i te taka noa 8 (Figure 4.14). Enei hua, me te hua o te maha atu ngā i roto i te pepa, ka arahina Huber me hoa ki te faaoti e ara i roto i te tautuhinga māmā, kaipōti i uaua mau faaotiraa whakaaro nui, he hua e pānga rangahau heke mai e pā ana ki te whakatau kaipōti hanga (Healy and Malhotra 2013) . Te whakamātautau o Huber me hoa whakaatu e taea te whakamahi MTurk ki te kimi kaiuru mō ngā taiwhanga-kāhua ki te whakamatautau ïa ariā rawa motuhake. Reira i whakaatu hoki te uara o te hanga koutou ake taiao whakamātau: he mea pakeke ki te whakaaro me pehea enei taua tukanga taea kua taratahi na cleanly i roto i tetahi atu tautuhinga.

Whakaahua 4.14: Hua i Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) . Kaiuru e hua i te rota i pea atu ki te pupuri i to ratou allocator, a ko kaha tenei pānga ka tupu te rota i roto i te taka noa 16-tika i te aroaro o te whakakapinga whakatau-atu, no te tupu i te reira i roto i te taka noa 8.

I tua atu ki te hanga i ngā taiwhanga-rite, e taea hoki te hanga kairangahau ngā e he atu mara-rite. Hei tauira, Centola (2010) i hanga he whakamātau mara mamati ki ako i te pānga o te hanganga whatunga pāpori i runga i te horapa o te whanonga. Tona pātai rangahau e hiahiatia ana ia ki te mau i te whanonga taua horahanga i roto i ngā taupori i rerekē hanganga whatunga pāpori engari i te kore indistinguishable. Te ara anake ki te mahi i tenei i ki te taunaha, whakamātau ritenga-hanga. I roto i tenei take, hanga Centola he hapori hauora e hāngai ana web-.

haina Centola e pā ana ki 1,500 ngā kaiuru ki te pānuitanga i runga i paetukutuku hauora. A, no te taenga kaiuru i te hapori-i online i huaina te tauoranga Healthy Whatunga-ratou mehemea ngā whakaaetanga me te ka i faataahia "he mōmēniti hauora." No te mea o te ara i whakaritea Centola enei mōmēniti hauora i taea ki te piri tonu rerekē hanganga whatunga pāpori i roto i te rerekē ia rōpū. i hanga ētahi rōpū ki te whai whatunga matapōkere (te wahi i rite pea ki te kia hono katoa), ka i hanga te tahi atu rōpū ki te whai whatunga rāpoi (te wahi e nui ake rohe mātotoru hononga). Na, Centola whakaurua he whanonga hou ki ia whatunga, te whai wāhi ki te rēhita mō te paetukutuku hou ki te mōhiohio hauora atu. Nga wa hainatia tetahi ake mo tenei paetukutuku hou, riro katoa o ona he mōmēniti hauora he īmēra kauwhau tenei whanonga. kitea Centola e tenei whanonga-hainatanga-ake mo te hou paetukutuku-horapa atu me tere i roto i te kupenga Rāpoi atu te whatunga matapōkere, he kitenga e ko ke ki te tahi mau ariā ngā.

Whānui, hanga koutou ake whakamātau homai koe nui atu mana; taea te reira ki a koutou te hanga i te taiao pai taea ki te tutakina te mea e hiahia ana koe ki te ako. He mea pakeke ki te whakaaro pehea ranei o enei ngā taea kua ravehia i roto i tētahi taiao kē tīariari. I tua atu, hanga koutou ake pūnaha heke āwangawanga matatika a tawhio noa whakamātautau i roto i ngā pūnaha tīariari. A, no te te hanga koe tou ake whakamātau, Heoi, rere koutou ki tokomaha o nga raruraru e kua tūpono i roto i ngā taiwhanga: whakatū ngā kaiuru me āwangawanga e pā ana ki talena. He paku whakamutunga ko e hanga koutou ake whakamātau taea e utu, me te wa-e kai ana, ahakoa rite whakaatu enei tauira, nga ngā taea ngā i ngā taiao āhua ohie (pērā i te ako o te pōti i Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) ) ki taiao matatini āhua (pērā i te ako o ngā whatunga me contagion e Centola (2010) ).