2.4.1.1 Taxis i New York City

He kairangahau whakamahia raraunga nui i taxi mita ki te ako-whakatau i ngā whakaritenga o te taraiwa taxi i New York. I oreore pai ēnei raraunga mō tenei rangahau.

Ko tētahi tauira o te mana ohie o tatau te mea tika mai i Henry Farber o (2015) ako o te whanonga o taraiwa taxi New York City. Ahakoa kore ai tenei rōpū tangi ere ngā ko reira he pae rangahau rautaki mō te whakamatautau e rua ariā whakataetae i roto i ohaoha mahi. Hoki nga whakaaro o te rangahau o Farber, i reira e rua ngā āhuatanga nui e pā ana ki te taiao mahi o taraiwa taxi: 1) fluctuates ratou utu haora i ra-ki-ra, e hāngai ana i roto i te wahi i runga i ngā āhuatanga rite te rangi, me te 2) te maha o ngā hāora mahi ratou Ka taea e kapewhiti ia ra i runga i ngā whakatau o te taraiwa. Ēnei āhuatanga arahi ki te pātai ngā e pā ana ki te hononga i waenganui i te utu haora me haora mahi. tauira neoclassical i roto i te ohaoha matapae e pai ki te mahi atu taraiwa taxi i runga i nga ra i reira i ratou teitei utu haora. Tērā, tauira i ohaoha whanonga matapae rite te ritenga. Ki te whakaturia e taraiwa i te ngā moni ūnga-mea $ 100 ia ra-a mahi tutaki noa te taua ūnga, ka e mutu taraiwa ake mahi iti haora i runga i nga ra e imiraa ake ratou. Hei tauira, ki te he koe i te pakia te ūnga, kia mutu koe ake mahi 4 haora i runga i te ra pai ($ 25 ia haora) me 5 haora i runga i te ra kino ($ 20 ia haora). Na, e taraiwa mahi atu haora i runga i nga ra ki teitei utu haora (rite tohu e te tauira neoclassical) ranei atu haora i runga i nga ra ki raro utu haora (rite tohu e tauira ohaoha whanonga)?

Hei whakautu i tēnei pātai Farber whiwhi raraunga i runga i nga haerenga taxi tangohia e New York City CAB i 2009 - 2013, raraunga e te hunga i teie nei e wātea ana nuitia . Tenei raraunga-i kohia e mita hiko e titau te pa wakatono ki te whakamahi i-ngā maha ngā mongamonga o ngā mōhiohio mō ia haerenga: tīmata te wā, tīmata wāhi, te wā mutunga, wāhi mutunga, ekenga, me matamata (ki te utua te matamata i ki te kāri nama). I roto i te katoa, i roto raraunga a Farber mōhiohio i runga i te āhua 900 miriona haerenga tangohia i roto i āhua 40 miriona huri (he pakeke he neke mahi kotahi te ra o mo te taraiwa kotahi). I roto i te meka, i reira ko na nui raraunga, e whakamahia anake Farber he tauira matapōkere o reira mo tona tātaritanga. Mā te tenei taxi raraunga mita, kitea Farber e te nuinga o ngā atekōkiri mahi atu i runga i nga ra ina he teitei, e hāngai ana ki te ariā neoclassical utu. I tua atu ki tenei kitenga matua, i taea ki te whaihua i te rahi o te raraunga mō pai te māramatanga o te heterogeneity me akiakinga Farber. kitea Farber e runga i te wā taraiwa hou āta ako ki te mahi atu haora i runga i nga ra utu nui (hei tauira, ako ratou ki te tikanga rite te tauira neoclassical Waitohungia). Na, taraiwa hou nei whakatane ake ano he kaimahi ūnga e pea atu ki te whakamutu he taraiwa tēkihi. E rua o enei kitenga mohio atu, e te tauturu i te whakamārama i te whanonga kitea o taraiwa nāianei, i taea anake te mea o te rahi o te huingararaunga. E kua ratou i taea ki te kite i roto i te rangahau o mua e whakamahia pepa pepa haerenga i te maha iti o taraiwa taxi mo te wā poto o te wā (hei tauira, Camerer et al. (1997) ).

ko tata ki te-take pai mo te ako mā te raraunga nui ako o Farber. Tuatahi, e kore i te raraunga māngai-kore no te mea e hiahiatia ana te pa taraiwa ki te whakamahi i mita mamati. A, kihai i oti nga raraunga no te tino tata ki te raraunga e e kua kohia Farber ki te i ia te whiriwhiri te raraunga i kohia e te pa (kotahi rerekētanga ko e e whai Farber raraunga hiahia i runga i te katoa utu-tīkiti me tips- engari te raraunga pa anake ngā tohutohu utua e te kāri nama). Te kī ki te rangahau o Farber i te whakakotahi i te uiraa pai ki raraunga pai. Nga raraunga anake e kore e nui.