Waruhia kairangahau pae pāpāho pāpori Hainamana ki te ako te aukatinga. Ta ratou ki te kakato ki moe-huru hīkaro.
I tua atu ki te raraunga nui whakamahia i roto i te mau hi'oraa o mua e rua, e taea hoki kairangahau kohikohi ratou ake raraunga observational, i whakamiharo whakaahua e Gary Kingi, Jennifer Pan, a Molly Roberts ' (2013) rangahau i runga i te aukatinga i te kāwanatanga Chinese.
E, nāna i tātari pou pāpāho pāpori i roto i China i te taputapu kāwanatanga nui whakaaro e te ki ngā o nga mano tekau o te iwi. Kairangahau me tangata, Heoi, kua iti te aronga o te pehea whakatau enei censors aha kia mukua ihirangi i te pāpāho pāpori. Pūkenga o China mau i ngā tūmanako papā e pā ana ki e he tino pea ki te kia mukua momo o pou. whakaaro ētahi e arotahi censors runga pou e te hunga tino o te kāwanatanga etahi i whakaaro arotahi ratou i runga i nga pou e whakatenatena whanonga ngātahi, pērā i amuamu. He pānga hoki te pehea kairangahau mahino China me ētahi atu mau faatereraa fakaaoao e whai wāhi i roto i te aukatinga fakakaukau'i atu nei o enei tūmanako he tika. Na reira, hiahia Kingi me hoa ki te whakarite pou i whakaputaina a muri mukua ki pou e i whakaputaina me kore mukua.
Kohikohi enei pou whai wāhi te feat engineering mīharo o ngokingoki neke atu i te 1,000 paetukutuku-ia pāpāho pāpori Hainamana ki rerekē whārangi whakatakotoranga-te imiraa i pou e hāngai ana, me ka anō enei pou ki te kite i muri i mukua. I tua atu ki te raruraru engineering noa e pā ana ki te tauine nui tukutuku-ngokingoki, i tenei kaupapa i te wero tapiritia e hiahiatia te reira ki te kia tino nohopuku no te mea kei te tangohia iho maha pou, nāna i tātari i roto i iti iho i te 24 haora. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e mahue te crawler puhoi rota o pou e i, nāna i tātari. I tua atu, i te crawlers ki te mahi i tenei kohinga raraunga katoa i karo rapunga kei te ārai uru te paetukutuku pāpāho pāpori ranei te kore taui i to ratou kaupapa here i roto i te whakautu ki te ako.
Kia oti tenei mahi engineering nui, whiwhi Kingi me hoa i pā ana ki 11 miriona pou ki runga ki 85 kaupapa rerekē i mua-i whakaritea i runga i to ratou taumata e tūmanakohia o te tūtohutanga. Hei tauira, he kaupapa o te tūtohutanga tiketike ko Hai Weiwei, te toi dissident; he kaupapa o te tūtohutanga waenganui he mauruuru me te mimiti haere te wāriu o te moni Hainamana, me te kaupapa o te tūtohutanga iti ko te Ipu o te Ao. O enei 11 miriona pou e pā ana ki 2 miriona i, nāna i tātari, engari i, nāna i tātari pou i runga i ngā kaupapa tino tairongo anake paku atu pinepine atu i te pou i runga i ngā kaupapa tūtohutanga waenganui, me te iti. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e pā ana ki rite pea ki te kaiwhakamātau i te pou e faahiti Hai Weiwei rite te pou e faahiti te Ipu o te Ao censors Hainamana. kihai enei kitenga i ōrite te whakaaro taurite e censors te kāwanatanga pou katoa i runga i ngā kaupapa tairongo.
Tenei tātai ohie o te aukatinga tere na roto i te kaupapa i taea e tinihanga, Heoi. Hei tauira, kia kaiwhakamātau te kāwanatanga pou e tautoko o Hai Weiwei, engari waiho pou e te hunga tino o ia. Roto i te tikanga ki te wehewehe atu āta waenganui pou, Me ki te ine i te mana'oo o ia pou nga kairangahau. Ko te kupu, kotahi te ara ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki reira ko e te mana'oo o tenei pou i roto i te āhuatanga moe nui o ia pou. Kia aroha mai, ahakoa nui te mahi, he tikanga tino aunoa o te rapunga mana'o whakamahi papakupu mua-ngā tonu e kore e pai rawa i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha (whakaaro hoki ki te raruraru te hanga i tētahi wātaka aronganui o Mahuru 11, 2001 i te Tekiona 2.3.2.6). Na reira, e hiahiatia ana e Kingi me hoa i te ara ki te tapa o ratou 11 miriona pou pāpāho pāpori rite ki ahakoa i ratou 1) tino o te kāwanatanga, 2) tautoko o te kāwanatanga, 3) pūrongo iti meka ranei e pā ana ki te kaupapa ranei. tangi tenei ano he mahi nui, engari kitea e ratou i te reira te whakamahi i te whakapati kaha; tetahi e he noa i roto i te pūtaiao raraunga engari tēnei wā āhua onge i roto i te pūtaiao pāpori.
Tuatahi, i roto i te taahiraa te nuinga i huaina tukatuka-mua, tahuri nga kairangahau nga pou pāpāho pāpori ki te kopu wā-tuhinga, te wahi i reira ko tetahi rarangi mo ia tuhinga, me te kotahi tīwae e tuhia ranei roto te pou he kupu motuhake (hei tauira, porotēhi, waka, me ētahi atu). Next, he rōpū o kaiāwhina rangahau ringa-tapanga te mana'oo o te tauira o te pou. Na, te Kingi me te hoa whakamahia tenei raraunga tapanga-ringa ki te whakatau tata i te tauira ako mīhini e taea ļa te mana'oo o te pou i runga i ona āhuatanga. I te pae hopea, whakamahia ratou i tenei tauira akoranga mīhini ki te whakatau tata i te mana'oo o katoa 11 miriona pou. Ko te kupu, nui atu i te tai'oraa ā me te tapa 11 miriona pou (e pai kia logistically taea), ratou tapanga ā he maha iti o pou, me te ka whakamahia aha raraunga e karanga kaipūtaiao ako te mātakitaki ki te whakatau tata i te kāwai o nga pou katoa. I muri i te whakaoti i tenei tātari, i taea ki te faaoti e Kingi me hoa, ahua Koinei, te mukua te tūponotanga o te pou i auauhia ki ranei ko reira tino o te kāwanatanga tautoko o te kāwanatanga ranei.
I roto i te mutunga, kitea Kingi me hoa i, nāna i tātari wā e toru anake ngā momo o pou: faufau, whakahē o censors, me te hunga e i pūmanawa mahi ngātahi (arā, te taea o ārahi ki amuamu nui-tauine). Na roto i te mātakitaki i te maha nui o pou e i mukua me pou kihai i i mukua, i taea ki te ako pehea te mahi tika i te censors i matakitaki me te tatau Kingi me hoa. I roto i te rangahau o muri mai, ratou mau tika ka whakaurua ki roto ki te rauwiringa kaiao pāpāho pāpori Chinese mā te hanga pou ki te ihirangi pūnahanaha rerekē, me te ruri e te kia, nāna i tātari (King, Pan, and Roberts 2014) . Ka ako matou atu e pā ana ki huarahi whakamātautau i roto i te Chapter 4. I tua atu, i taria te kaupapa e ka tupu puta noa i te pukapuka, enei raruraru-e moe-huanga hīkaro taea ētahi wā te whakatika ki te mātakitaki te ako-tahuri atu ki te kia tino noa i roto i te rangahau pāpori i roto i te tau mamati. ka kite koe pikitia tino rite ki te Figure 2.3 i roto i vahe 3 (aniraa pātai) me 5 (Te hanga mahi tahi papatipu); Ko reira tetahi o nga whakaaro torutoru e puta i roto i vahe maha.
e toru katoa o enei sīpinga-te whanonga mahi o taraiwa taxi i New York, te auhoaraa hanganga i ngā ākonga, me te pāpori pāpāho whanonga te aukatinga o te Hainamana kāwanatanga-whakaatu e taea tatau āhua ohie o raraunga observational taea kairangahau ki te whakamātau i matapae ariā. I roto i ētahi wā, raraunga nui taea ki a koe te mea i tenei tatau āhua tika (rite i roto i te take o New York Taxis). I roto i te tahi atu te wā, ka hiahia kairangahau ki te kohikohi i to ratou ake raraunga observational (rite i roto i te take o te aukatinga Hainamana); mahi ki te kakato e hanumi raraunga tahi (rite i roto i te take o te kukuwhatanga whatunga); te raveraa i ranei etahi ahua o moe-huru hīkaro (rite i roto i te take o te aukatinga Hainamana). Ka rite ki tumanako ahau whakaatu enei mau hi'oraa, no te kairangahau nei e kaha ki te ui pātai ngā, mau nui i whakaaria mai nui.