2.2 raraunga Big
E hanga a kohia e te kāwanatanga mō ngā take i tua atu i te rangahau raraunga Big. Mā te tenei raraunga mō te rangahau, Na, titau repurposing.
He tirohanga Päkehä o rangahau pāpori whakaahua te kaiputaiao he whakaaro, me te ka kohikohi raraunga ki te whakamatautau i taua whakaaro. Tenei kāhua o te rangahau arata'i ki te pai raru i waenganui i te pātai rangahau me raraunga, engari ko te reira iti no te kairangahau takitahi maha e kore e whai i nga rauemi e hiahiatia ana ki te kohikohi i te raraunga e hiahia ana ratou, pērā i raraunga nui, taonga, a motu-māngai. Na reira, kua whakamahia he rota o te rangahau pāpori i roto i te mua rangahau pāpori nui-tauine, pērā i te General Social Survey (GSS), Ako te American National Pōtitanga (ANES), ko Ako Paewhiri o Income Dynamics (PSID). Enei rangahau nui-tauine e te tikanga rere i te rōpū o te kairangahau me kua hangaia ratou ki te hanga i raraunga e taea te whakamahi e maha kairangahau. No te mea o te whāinga o enei rangahau nui-tauine, kua hoatu tiaki nui ki te hoahoa i te kohinga raraunga me te faaineine i te raraunga hua mo te whakamahi i te kairangahau. Ko e kairangahau me mo kairangahau ēnei raraunga.
rangahau pāpori nuinga whakamahi puna tau mamati, Heoi, ko te faufaa rerekē. Engari o te whakamahi i ngā raraunga i kohia e te kairangahau, me mo kairangahau, whakamahi reira puna raraunga e i hanga, ka kohia e te pakihi me kāwanatanga mo ratou ake take pērā i te hanga i te pai, te whakarato i te ratonga, ranei te whakahaere i te ture. Kua tae mai enei puna raraunga pakihi me te kāwanatanga kia huaina ki raraunga nui. Mahi rangahau ki te raraunga nui he rerekē atu i te mahi rangahau ki te raraunga i hanga tuatahi hoki rangahau. Whakatauritea, hei tauira, he paetukutuku pāpāho pāpori, pērā i Twitter, me te rangahau whakaaro tūmatanui tuku iho pērā i te General Social Survey (GSS). He whāinga matua o Twitter ki te whakarato i te ratonga ki ona kaiwhakamahi, me te ki te hanga i te pai. I roto i te tukanga o te whakatutuki i ēnei whāinga, hanga Twitter raraunga e ai kia whai hua mō te ako etahi āhuatanga o te whakaaro tūmatanui. Ko, pērā i te General Social Survey (GSS), e kore te mea matua arotahi i runga i te rangahau pāpori Twitter.
Ko frustratingly hākirikiri te raraunga nui wā, a te reira tahi ngā rōpū maha nga mea rerekē. Hoki nga take o te rangahau pāpori, whakaaro ahau he mea āwhina ki te wehewehe i waenganui i rua momo o puna raraunga nui:. Kāwanatanga pūkete whakahaere me te pakihi pūkete whakahaere Kāwanatanga pūkete whakahaere he raraunga e kua hanga e te kāwanatanga hei wāhanga o ratou mahi ngā. Enei momo o pūkete kua whakamahia e ngā kairangahau i roto i te mua-pērā i demographers ako whanau, pūkete-engari te faaipoiporaa, a te mate kāwanatanga e nui kohikohi me te tuku pūkete āmiki i roto i ngā puka analyzable. Hei tauira, tāuta te kāwanatanga New York City mita mamati roto o nga taxi i roto i te pa. Ēnei mita tuhi nga mea katoa o te raraunga e pā ana ki ia heka tēkihi tae te taraiwa, te wa tīmatanga me te wāhi, te wa mutu, me te wāhi, me te ekenga. I roto i te ako e ka korerotia e ahau i muri i roto i tenei pene, Henry Farber (2015) repurposed enei raraunga ki te whakatutuki i te tautohetohe taketake i roto i economics mahi e pā ana ki te hononga i waenganui i te utu haora, me te maha o ngā hāora mahi.
Te momo matua tuarua o te raraunga nui mō te rangahau pāpori he pakihi pūkete whakahaere. He raraunga e hanga mahi, me te kohikohi hei wāhanga o ratou mahi mahi enei. E maha huaina ēnei mahi pūkete whakahaere tohu mamati, a ngā mea rite rapu rangitaki search engine, pou pāpāho pāpori, ka karanga pūkete i waea pūkoro. Arohaehae, e kore e pā ana ki noa whanonga ipurangi enei lekooti whakahaere pakihi. Hei tauira, toa e whakamahi matawai tirohia-i roto i e te hanga mehua wā-tūturu o te kaimahi hua. I roto i te ako e ka korerotia e ahau ki a koutou e pā ana ki i muri i roto i tenei pene, Alexandre Mas ko Enrico Moretti (2009) repurposed tenei hokomaha raraunga tirohia-i roto i ki te ako pehea pānga hua he kaimahi 'e te hua o ō rātou hoa.
Ka rite ki te faahoho'ai e rua o enei tauira, he faufaa ki te ako i raraunga nui te whakaaro o te repurposing. I roto i toku wheako, pūtaiao pāpori me pūtaiao raraunga whakatata ki rawa rerekē tenei repurposing. kaipūtaiao pāpori, te hunga kua taunga nei ki te mahi ki te raraunga hangaia mō te rangahau, e tere ki te tohu i roto i nga raruraru ki raraunga repurposed ia tukunoa'i ona kaha. I te tahi atu te ringa, he tere ki te tohu i roto i nga painga o te raraunga repurposed ia tukunoa'i ona paruparu pūtaiao raraunga. Noatia, e riro i te huarahi pai he kākano. Ko, Me kairangahau ki te mahino te āhuatanga o enei puna hou o te raraunga-rua pai, me te kino-a ka feruri i roto i pehea ki te ako i a ratou. A, e ko te mahere mo te toenga o tenei pene. Next, ka whakaahua ahau āhuatanga noa tekau o te mahi me te kāwanatanga raraunga whakahaere. I muri i taua, ka whakaahua ahau e toru huarahi rangahau e taea te whakamahi ki enei raraunga, huarahi e pai e oreore ki te āhuatanga o tenei raraunga.
