2.3.1.2 tonu-i runga i
Tonu-i runga i raraunga nui taea te ako o ngā ohorere, me te ine wā-tūturu.
He tonu-i runga i maha ngā pūnaha raraunga nui; Kei te kohikohi tonu ratou raraunga. Tenei āhuatanga tonu-i runga i whakarato kairangahau ki raraunga ahopou (arā, raraunga i runga i te wā). Te riroraa tonu-ki runga ki e rua pānga nui mō te rangahau.
Tuatahi, i nga wa katoa-i runga i raraunga kohinga āhei kairangahau ki te ako ngā ohorere i roto i ara kihai i e taea i mua. Hei tauira, kairangahau hiahia i roto i te haapiiraa i te Mahia amuamu Gezi i Turkey i te raumati o 2013 e tino arotahi ki runga i te whanonga o mautohe i roto i te hui. Ceren Budak ko Duncan Watts (2015) i taea ki te mahi i nui ake i te whakamahi i te āhua tonu-ki runga ki o Twitter ki ako mautohe Twitter-whakamahi i mua, i roto i, a muri i te hui. A, i taea e ratou ki te hanga i tētahi rōpū rite o-kaiuru kore (ranei kaiuru nei kihai i Tweet e pā ana ki te tautohe) i mua, i roto i, a muri i te hui (Whakaahua 2.1). I roto i te katoa ngā ratou rōpū ex-pou te tweets o 30,000 iwi i runga i rua tau. Na roto i te augmenting nga raraunga nuitia whakamahia i te amuamu ki tenei ētahi atu mōhiohio, i taea ki te ako nui atu Budak me Watts: i taea ki te whakatau tata aha momo o te iwi i pea ake ki te whai wāhi i roto i te amuamu Gezi me ki te whakatau tata i te huringa i roto i ngā waiaro o ratou kaiuru, me te-kaiuru kore, e rua i roto i te wā-poto (whakatairite mua-Gezi ki roto i Gezi) me i roto i te wā roa-(whakatairite mua-Gezi ki te tuku-Gezi).
Whakaahua 2.1: Hoahoa whakamahia e Budak and Watts (2015) ki te ako i te Mahia amuamu Gezi i Turkey i te raumati o 2013. Na te whakamahi i te āhua tonu-ki runga ki o Twitter, hanga nga kairangahau ta ratou karanga a te rōpū ex-pou i ngā pā ana ki 30,000 iwi i runga i rua tau. I roto i te rerekē te ako angamaheni e hāngai ana ki ngā kaiuru i roto i nga whakahe, tāpiri te rōpū ex-pou 1) raraunga i ngā kaiuru i mua, a muri i te hui, me te 2) raraunga i-kaiuru kore i mua, i roto i, a muri i te hui. Tenei hanganga raraunga whai take whakahohea Budak ko Watts ki te whakatau tata aha momo o te iwi i pea ake ki te whai wāhi i roto i te amuamu Gezi me ki te whakatau tata i te huringa i roto i ngā waiaro o ngā kaiuru, me te-kaiuru kore, e rua i roto i te wā-poto (whakatairite mua-Gezi ki roto i Gezi) a roto i te wā roa-(whakatairite mua-Gezi ki te tuku-Gezi).
Ko te reira parau mau e etahi o enei whakatau tata i ahei i hanga i waho tonu-i runga i ngā pūtake kohinga raraunga (hei tauira, tata wā roa-o huringa huru), ahakoa kohinga taua raraunga mō te 30,000 iwi e kua tino utu kua. A, ara hoatu he pūtea mutunga, ahau e taea e kore te whakaaro o tetahi atu tikanga e tino taea kairangahau ki te haere hoki i roto i te wa, me te tika mau kaiuru whanonga i roto i te mua. e riro i te rerekē tata ki te kohikohi pūrongo ki muri o te whanonga, engari e kia o iti granularity me te tika pāhekeheke enei pūrongo. Ripanga 2.1 whakarato i ētahi atu tauira o te rangahau e whakamahi i te wa katoa-i runga i pūtake raraunga ki te ako i tētahi hui ohorere.
| hui ta'e'amanekina | Tonu-i runga i raraunga pūtake | Torokī |
|---|---|---|
| Noho kaupapa Gezi i Turkey | Budak and Watts (2015) | |
| amuamu hāmarara i roto i Hong Kong | Zhang (2016) | |
| Pupuhiraa o pirihimana i roto i te New York City | Kāti-a-frisk pūrongo | Legewie (2016) |
| Tangata hono ISIS | Magdy, Darwish, and Weber (2016) | |
| Mahuru 11, 2001 whakaeke | livejournal.com | Cohn, Mehl, and Pennebaker (2004) |
| Mahuru 11, 2001 whakaeke | karere pūoho | Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) , Pury (2011) , Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2011) |
Tuarua, i nga wa katoa-i runga i raraunga kohinga āhei kairangahau ki te whakaputa i inenga wā-tūturu, e taea e nui i roto i ngā tautuhinga i reira e hiahia ana kaihanga kaupapa here ki te kore ako tika i whanonga ngā engari whakautu ano ki reira. Hei tauira, e taea te whakamahi raraunga pāpāho pāpori ki te ārahi i ngā urupare ki fakatamaki fakanatulá (Castillo 2016) .
I roto i te mutunga, i nga wa katoa-i runga i raraunga pūnaha taea kairangahau ki te ako ngā ohorere, me te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio wā-tūturu ki kaihanga kaupapa here. Ahau i kore, Heoi, whakaaro e taua tonu-i runga i raraunga pūnaha taea kairangahau ki te aroturuki i ngā huringa i runga i ngā wā roa o te wā. Ko no te mea kei te rerekē haere-he tonu maha pūnaha raraunga nui tere tukanga huaina (Wāhanga 2.3.2.4).
