2.3.2.4 painu

Taupori tere, te whakamahinga tere, me te tere pūnaha hanga reira uaua ki te whakamahi i pūtake raraunga nui ki te ako i ngā wā roa-.

Ko tētahi o nga painga nui o maha puna raraunga nui te hunga e kohikohi ratou raraunga i runga i te wā. karanga pūtaiao pāpori tenei ahua o runga-wā raraunga, raraunga ahopou. Na, fakanatula, he tino nui mō te ako huringa raraunga ahopou. Roto i te tikanga ki te reliably ine i huringa, Heoi, me eu te pūnaha inenga ano. I roto i te kupu o te sociologist Otis Dudley Duncan, "ki te hiahia koe ki te ine i huringa, e kore e huri i te mehua" (Fischer 2011) .

Meapango, he maha ngā pūnaha-rawa raraunga nui pūnaha pakihi e hanga a hopu tohu-e mamati te huri i te wa katoa, he tukanga e ka karanga ahau tere. I roto i ngā, te huri i enei pūnaha i roto i te toru ara matua: taupori tere (huringa i roto i te tangata e whakamahi ia ratou), te terenga whanonga (huringa i roto i te pehea e whakamahi ia ratou iwi), me te tere pūnaha (huringa i roto i te pūnaha ano). tikanga nga puna e toru o te tere e taea tetahi tauira i roto i raraunga wahi mamati kia meinga e te tauiraa nui i roto i te ao, i taea te meinga te reira i te tahi mau ahua o te tere ranei.

Ko te pūtake tuatahi o te tere-taupori tere-te nei te whakamahi i te pūnaha, me tenei e taui i runga i te pauna roa-wā, me te unahi-wā poto. Hei tauira, i 2008 ki te tapaea kua nui haere te tau toharite o te iwi i runga i pāpāho pāpori. I tua atu ki enei ngā wā roa-, te iwi mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha i tetahi taime rerekē. Hei tauira, i roto i te pōtitanga US peresideniraa o 2012 fluctuated te ōwehenga o tweets e pā ana ki ngā mahi tōrangapū i tuhituhia e te wahine i ra, ki te ra (Diaz et al. 2016) . Ko te kupu, he aha ai puta ki te waiho i te tauiraa i roto i te huru o te Twitter-irava ai mau tika kia huringa i roto i te tangata e korero ana i tetahi taime.

I tua atu ki te huringa i roto i te tangata e whakamahi i te pūnaha, i reira e taui i hoki i roto i te pehea te whakamahi i te pūnaha te. Hei tauira, i roto i te Mahia amuamu Gezi Park i roto i Istanbul, Turkey i 2013 mautohe ke ratou te whakamahi o hashtags rite te riria tipu. Tenei te pehea Zeynep Tufekci (2014) whakaahuatia te tere, i te taea ki te kitea, no te mea i pupuri ia whanonga i runga i Twitter me ki te whenua ia:

"He aha i tupu i taua te taenga atu ano te riria ka te aamu mana, nui o te iwi. . . mutu te whakamahi i te hashtags anake ki te utu whakarongo ki te āhuatanga hou. . .. Ahakoa tonu nga whakahe, a tae noa kaha, mate iho nga hashtags. whakakitea uiuinga rua take mō tenei. Tuatahi, kotahi mohio katoa te kaupapa, ko i kotahi hira me te pōhatuhatu runga i te tūāpapa Twitter pūāhua-iti te hashtag. Tuarua, i kite hashtags anake rite whai hua mō te kukume whakarongo ki te kaupapa ngā, e kore hoki te korero e pā ana ki reira. "

Ko te kupu, kairangahau nei i ako i te amuamu mā te tātari tweets ki hashtags pā ana-riria e whai i te tikanga fakakehei o te mea i tupu no te mea o tenei tere whanonga. Hei tauira, kia whakapono ratou e heke te aparauraa o te tautohe roa te reira i mua i mau heke.

Ko te toru o ahua o te tere ko te tere pūnaha. I roto i tenei take, e kore te mea te iwi huri ranei ratou kope whanonga, engari te pūnaha ano te huri. Hei tauira, i runga i te wā kua nui haere Facebook te rohe i runga i te roa o whakahōunga tūnga. Ko te kupu, i tetahi ako roa o whakahōunga tūnga ka whakaraerae ki tao'ao meinga e tenei huringa. Kei te tata tere Pūnaha ki raruraru i huaina veuveuki algorithmic ki ai tatou tahuri inaianei.