5.3.3 Hoa-ki-Patent
Hoa-ki te-ārai ko he karanga tuwhera e tauturu kaiwhakamātau ārai kitea toi mua; whakaatu i te reira e taea te whakamahi waea tuwhera mō neke atu i te raruraru matapae.
kaiwhakamātau Patent i te mahi pakeke. riro ratou terse, whakaahuatanga lawyerly o hanga hou, a ka me whakatau ki te te tenenga kī he "pukapuka." Ko, me whakatau i te kaitirotiro ki te mea he "toi mua" -ko whakaahuatia i mua putanga o tenei tenenga-e e hoatu i te ārai whakaarohia muhu. Ki te mārama me pēhea te mahi i tenei tukanga, kia whai whakaaro a te kaitirotiro ārai, ko Albert, i roto i te kororia o Albert Einstein nei ka tona timatanga i roto i te Swiss Patent Office. Albert taea riro te tono kia rite ki US Patent 20070118658 rēhitatia e Hewlett Packard mo te "hōputu mataara whakahaere selectable-Kaiwhakamahi" ka whakaahuatia ngā i roto i te pukapuka Beth Noveck a Wiki Kāwanatanga (2009) . Tenei te te kerēme tuatahi i te tono:
"He pūnaha rorohiko, ngā: he pūtukatuka; he tāuru / pūnaha taketake putanga (BIOS) tae atu ki ngā tohutohu arorau e, ka mahi i te taha o te pūtukatuka, whirihora i te pūtukatuka ki: kōkiri mana i runga i te whakamātautau whaiaro (POST) tukatuka i roto i te pūnaha tāuru / putanga taketake o te pūrere rorohiko; tetahi hakari ranei atu hōputu mataara whakahaere i roto i te atanga kaiwhakamahi; farii i te tohu kōwhiringa i te atanga kaiwhakamahi te tāutu tetahi o nga hōputu mataara whakahaere aroaro i roto i te atanga kaiwhakamahi; a ka whirihora i te pūrere honoa ki te pūnaha rorohiko ki te hōputu mataara whakahaere tāutuhia. "
Me Albert tohu 20 tau tika heriheri ki tenei ārai ranei kua reira kua toi mua? He tiketike nga mau tĭtĭ i roto i te maha whakatau ārai, engari kāore, ka whai Albert ki te hanga tenei whakatau, kahore nui o te kōrero e ai hiahia ia. No te mea o te backlog nui o Mua, kei te mahi Albert i raro i te pēhanga wā kaha a me meinga tona whakatau i runga i te 20 anake haora o te mahi. I tua atu, no te mea o te hiahia ki te pupuri i te mea ngaro tenenga whakaarohia, e kore te whakaaetia Albert ki kōrero ki te tohunga ki waho (Noveck 2006) .
patua tenei āhuatanga ahorangi ture Beth Noveck rite rawa pakaru. I roto i te Hōngongoi 2005, faauruhia i roto i te wahi e Wikipedia, hanga ia he pou rangitaki ui ko e "Hoa-ki-Patent: He Tono haehaa" i karanga te pūnaha hoa-arotake tuwhera mō Mua. I muri i te mahi tahi ki te US Patent me Waitohu Office me ārahi kamupene hangarau pērā i IBM, Peer-ki-Patent i whakarewahia i Pipiri o 2007. He rite te wahi pea ki te titiro mo te auaha meimei 200 tau tawhito taero käwanatanga me te rōpū o te ture te mea , engari hoa-ki-Patent e te mahi ataahua o whakataurite i anaanatae o te katoa.
Whakaahua 5.9: Hoa-ki-ārai rerengamahi. Source: Bestor and Hamp (2010) .
Tenei te pehea te mahi i te reira (Figure 5.9). I muri i te ma'imi whakaae ki te whai i tona tono haere i roto i te arotake hapori (atu i runga i te aha ai mahi ia e te taime i roto i), whakairi te tono kei te ki te paetukutuku. Next, aparauhia te tono e kaiarotake hapori (ano, ake i runga i te aha ai wāhi ratou he taime i roto i) ka e Kei tauira o taea toi mua, e whakamārama ana, ka tukuake ki te paetukutuku. tonu ana tēnei tukanga o te kōrero, te rangahau, me te tukuake, noa, te mutunga, te hapori o kaiarotake pōti ki te tīpako i te tihi 10 wahi o toi mua whakapae e kua ka tonoa ki te kaitirotiro ārai mō te arotake. Te kaitirotiro ārai ka whakahaere ia ake rangahau, me te i roto i ngā ki te wāhi i te Hoa-ki-Patent renders te whakawa.
Hoki ano ki US Patent 20070118658 mo te "hōputu mataara whakahaere selectable-Kaiwhakamahi." Tukuake tenei ārai i ki peertopatent.org i Pipiri 2007 te wahi i korerotia i te reira e Steve Pearson, he kaipūkaha pūmanawa matua mō te IBM. ko maheni ki tenei rohe o te rangahau Pearson, a tāutuhia te wahi o te toi mua: he tohi lēsoni i Intel ui ko e "Hangarau Whakahaere Active: Guide Tohutoro Tere" e i whakaputaina e rua nga tau i mua. Patu ki tenei tuhinga, me ētahi atu toi mua, me te kōrero i te hapori Hoa-ki-Patent, ka timata i te kaitirotiro ārai te arotake tino o te take, me te mutunga maka atu i te tono ārai, i roto i te wahi no te o te buka Intel e i tū e Pearson (Noveck 2009) . O nga take 66 e kua oti Hoa-ki-Patent, i paopao matua e hāngai ana tata 30% i runga i toi mua kitea i roto i Peer-ki-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .
He aha hanga te hoahoa o te Hoa-ki-Patent rawa huatau ko te ara e riro te reira te iwi ki maha pānga taupatupatu ki te kanikani katoa. He kaitito i whai manawarü ki te whai wāhi i roto i tēnei arotake ārai tuwhera no arotakengia te tari ārai nga tono Hoa-ki-Patent hohoro atu atu Mua haere i roto i te, te tukanga tuku iho arotake ngaro. Kaiarotake whai manawarü ki te whai wāhi i roto i te tikanga ki te ārai i te tuku o "Mua paraurehe," me te tokomaha te titiro ki te kitea te tukanga pārekareka. I te pae hopea, te kaiwhakamātau tari ārai me te ārai i manawarü ki te whai wāhi no te mea anake e taea e hanga ai to ratou hua pai. Ko, ki te kitea te tukanga arotake hapori 10 nga wahi kino o te toi mua, e taea te waiho tenei mahi i te E sivi ārai. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kia Hoa-ki-Patent me te kaitirotiro ārai mahi tahi rite pai pai atu i te kaitirotiro ārai mahi i roto i te wehe ranei. Ko te kupu, e kore e whakakapi tonu waea tuwhera tohunga; te tahi mau taime te tauturu ia ratou tohunga mahi ratou mahi pai.
Ahakoa kia mea rerekē atu te Netflix paraihe me Foldit Hoa-ki-Patent, te mea he hanganga rite i roto i taua rongoā e māmā ki te tirohia atu te whakaputa. Kia tangata hua te buka "Hangarau Whakahaere Active: Reference Guide Tere" Ko reira āhua ngāwari-no te kaitirotiro ārai, i te iti rawa-ki te manatoko i tenei tuhinga he toi mua. Heoi, i kitea e buka he tino uaua. Hoa-ki te-Patent whakaatu hoki e ka taea kaupapa karanga tuwhera noa hoki ngā mahi e kore e e mārama Nireaha ki te ine rahinga.
