5.3.4 Opaniraa
Waea tuwhera kia maha tohunga me-tohunga kore tono rongoā ki ngā raruraru i reira e māmā ki te tirohia atu te whakaputa rongoā.
I roto i te katoa e toru karanga kaupapa-Netflix tuwhera paraihe, Foldit, Peer-ki-Patent-kairangahau fai pātai o te puka motuhake, whakina nuitia rongoā, a ka tangohia nga rongoā pai. i kore ara hiahia te kairangahau ki te mohio te tohunga pai ki te ui, a ētahi wā ka haere mai nga whakaaro pai i nga wahi ohorere.
Na e taea hoki e ngā ahau e rua ngā rerekētanga nui i waenganui i karanga tuwhera kaupapa me kaupapa tätaitanga tangata. Tuatahi, i roto i te kaupapa karanga tuwhera te kairangahau āta te whāinga (hei tauira, matapae whakatauranga kiriata) ina i roto i te tätaitanga tangata te rangahau āta he moroiti-mahi (hei tauira, te whakarōpū i te tupuni). Tuarua, i roto i ngā waea tuwhera hiahia nga kairangahau i te takoha-te hātepe pai pai mō te matapae ratings kiriata, te whirihoranga raro-pūngao o te pūmua, te wahi tino hāngai o te toi-e kore mua etahi ahua o ngā ohie o katoa o nga takoha ranei.
Homai te tauira whānui mō ngā waea tuwhera, me enei tauira e toru, he aha momo o raruraru i roto i te rangahau pāpori ai kia pai ki tenei huarahi? I tenei wāhi, kia whakaae ahau e kore i reira i maha tauira angitu ano (no te mau tumu e ka whakamārama ahau i te taime i roto i). I roto i ngā o analogues tika, i taea e tetahi whakaaro e te kaupapa kāhua Hoa-ki-Patent whakamahia e te kairangahau hītori rapu mō te tuhinga tuatahi ki te whakahua i te tangata motuhake whakaaro ranei. He huarahi karanga tuwhera ki tenei ahua o te raruraru i taea e rawa faufaa, no te kore e kohia nga tuhinga e hāngai ana i roto i te pūranga kotahi, engari e whānui tohaina.
More te tikanga, he maha kāwanatanga i ngā raruraru e ai kia Nireaha ki te whakatuwhera waea no te mea he ratou e pā ana ki te hanga matapae e taea te whakamahi ki te ārahi i te mahi (Kleinberg et al. 2015) . Hei tauira, pera me Netflix hiahia ki te matapae whakawākanga i runga kiriata, ai hiahia kāwanatanga ki te matapae i ngā putanga pērā i nei te hunga tino pea ki te whai maumaui waehere hauora i roto i te tikanga ki te tohatoha rauemi tirohanga atu pai wharekai. Ue'i e tenei ahua o te raruraru, Glaeser et al. (2016) e whakamahia ana i te karanga tuwhera ki te āwhina i te City o Boston matapae wharekai akuaku, me te rerenga parukore maumaui e hāngai ana i runga i ngā raraunga i Yelp arotake me raraunga tirohanga o mua. Glaeser me hoa tata e pai te tauira mana'ohia e i riro te karanga tuwhera whakapai ake i te hua o kaitirotiro wharekai e pā ana ki te 50%. Hoki i raruraru ki te hanganga rite pērā i te matapae kiritaki mau pe'ape'a o Pakihi (Provost and Fawcett 2013) .
I te pae hopea, i roto i te tua ki te whakatuwhera i ngā waea e whai wāhi ngā putanga e kua tupu kē i roto i te huinga raraunga ngā (hei tauira, matapae maumaui waehere hauora mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga i runga i maumaui waehere hauora mua), i taea e tetahi whakaaro matapae putanga kihai i i tupu ano hoki te tangata i roto i te huingararaunga . Hei tauira, te mau utuafare pakarukaru me ako Child Wellbeing kua aroturuki e pā ana ki 5,000 tamariki mai whanau i roto i te 20 rerekē pa US (Reichman et al. 2001) . Kua kohia kairangahau raraunga e pā ana ki enei tamariki, io ratou hapu, me to ratou taiao whānui i whanau, me i, matahiti 1 3, 5, 9, me 15. Nä te mōhiohio katoa e pā ana ki enei tamariki, me pehea te pai i taea e kairangahau matapae putanga pērā i te hunga e puta i te haapiiraa tuatoru? Ranei, faaite i roto i te ara e pai kia atu ngā ki kairangahau maha, e pai kia whai hua te nuinga i roto i te matapae i enei putanga raraunga me ariā? Mai tetahi o enei tamariki e tēnei wā nui tawhito ki te haere ki te kāreti, e riro i te matapae whakamua-titiro pono tenei, me te reira e maha ngā rautaki rerekē e ai mahi kairangahau. He kairangahau e whakapono e he tino i roto i auaha putanga ora ai tango tetahi huarahi i te kairangahau e hāngai ana i runga i te mau utuafare ai mahi te tahi mea tino rerekē noho. Nei o enei huarahi e mahi pai? E kore matou e mohio, a ka i roto i te tukanga o te imiraa i roto i ai tau ako te tahi mea faufaa rahi e pā ana ki te mau utuafare, noho, mātauranga, me te ōritenga pāpori. I tua atu, kia whakamahia enei matapae ki te ārahi kohinga raraunga heke mai. A feruri na e reira nga he maha iti o te paetahi kāreti kihai i i tohu ki te paetahi i tetahi o nga tauira; enei iwi e riro kaitono pai mō te whai-ake uiuitanga kounga, me te kitea te taketake. Ko te kupu, i roto i tenei ahua o te tuwhera karanga, e kore e te mutunga nga matapae; kaua, whakarato ratou he ara hou ki te whakarite, te haafaufaa, ka whakakotahi rerekē ngā tikanga ariā. e kore he motuhake ki te whakamahi i ngā raraunga i te mau utuafare he pakarukaru ki te matapae nei e haere ki te kāreti tenei ahua o tuwhera karanga; taea te whakamahi i te reira ki te matapae tetahi putanga e ka iku kia kohia i roto i tetahi roa huinga raraunga pāpori.
Ka rite ki tuhituhi mua ahau i roto i tenei tekiona, e kore i reira kua maha tauira o kairangahau pāpori mā te whakamahi i ngā waea tuwhera. whakaaro ahau e ko tenei no te mea e kore e oreore pai waea tuwhera ki te ara e pūtaiao pāpori tino tukua ea ratou mau uiraa. Hoki ki te Netflix paraihe, e kore e pūtaiao pāpori tikanga ui e pā ana ki matapae reka, e ui ratou e pā ana ki te pehea a he aha ahurea reka rerekē hoki te iwi i ngā akomanga pāpori rerekē (Bourdieu 1987) . Taua "pehea" me "te aha" e kore e uiraa arahi ki ngāwari ki te manatoko rongoā, a reira mea painga pai ki te whakatuwhera i ngā waea. Ko te kupu, puta reira e he atu Nireaha ki te pātai o te matapae atu i ngā pātai o te whakamārama waea tuwhera; hoki atu i runga i te rereketanga o matapae me te whakamārama kite Breiman (2001) . Pūkenga Tata, Heoi, kua karanga a i runga i kaipūtaiao pāpori ki te whakaaro i te Häiti i waenganui i whakamārama, me te matapae (Watts 2014) . Ka rite ki te aho i waenganui i matapae me te whakamārama blurs, tatari ahau e ka riro tuwhera whakataetae piki noa i roto i te tikanga ā iwi.
