5.2.2 Crowd-waehere o manifestos tōrangapū
Tapa manifestos tōrangapū, te tahi mea te nuinga mahi e tohunga, e taea te whakamana e te kaupapa tätaitanga tangata hua i roto i te reproducibility rahi me te ngäwari.
Rite ki nga tupuni Zoo, i reira e maha āhuatanga i reira e hiahia ana kairangahau pāpori ki te waehere, whakarōpū, ranei tapa i te whakapakoko wahi o te kuputuhi ranei. He tauira o tenei ahua o te rangahau ko te waehere o manifestos tōrangapū. I roto i te pōtitanga, ngā rōpū tōrangapū te whakaputa manifestos whakaahua ratou tūranga kaupapa here, me te ārahi rapunga whakaaro. Hei tauira, i konei te he wahi o te Faaiteraa o te Rōpū Labor i Great Britain i 2010:
"Mirioni o te iwi e mahi ana i roto i to tatou ratonga tūmatanui whakatinana nga uara pai o Ingarangi, te āwhina whakamana iwi ki te hanga i te nuinga o to ratou iho oraraa i te tiaki ia ratou i nga tūponotanga e kore e ratou i ki mau i runga i to ratou ake. Just rite ti'a ia tatou ki te kia maia e pā ana ki te tūranga o te kāwanatanga i roto i te hanga mahi hokohoko tika, Me hoki tatou ki te hei faaapî maia o te kāwanatanga. "
Enei manifestos roto raraunga nui mō pūtaiao tōrangapū, ngā aua pōti ako me te akiaki o tautohetohe kaupapa here. Roto i te tikanga ki te tango mōhiohio i enei manifestos nahanaha, hanga kairangahau te Faaiteraa Project , i whakaritea kaipūtaiao tōrangapū ki te waehere 4,000 manifestos i tata 1,000 ngā rōpū i roto i te 50 whenua. Kua ia rerenga kōrero i roto i ia manifesto kua ā e te tohunga te whakamahi i te kaupapa 56-kāwai. Te hua o tenei mahi tahi ko te huingararaunga nui whakarāpopoto i te kōrero tāmau i roto i enei manifestos, me tenei huingararaunga kua whakamahia i roto i neke atu i te 200 pepa pūtaiao.
Kenneth Benoit me hoa (2015) faaoti ki te tango i te Faaiteraa mahi Tapa e i mua kua whakamana e tohunga, me te tahuri te reira ki te kaupapa tätaitanga tangata. Ka rite ki te hua, hanga ana e ratou he tukanga waehere e he atu reproducible me te ake ngāwari, kaua ki te whakahua iti me te tere.
Te mahi ki 18 manifestos hanga i roto i te pōtitanga tata ono i roto i te UK, whakamahia Benoit me hoa te afa-Anga atu-ngā rautaki ki te kaimahi i te mākete mahi moroiti-mahi (Amazon Mechanical Turk me CrowdFlower he tauira o ngā mākete mahi moroiti-mahi; hoki atu i runga i ngā mākete mahi moroiti-mahi, kite Chapter 4). Ka mau te kairangahau ia Faaiteraa a wahia ana e ia ki ngā rerenga. Next, i tono whakatauranga tangata ki ia rerenga kōrero. I roto i ngā, ki te whai wāhi te rerenga he tauākī kaupapa here, i ā te reira haere rua ngā āhuatanga: ohaoha (i rawa i mahue ki te rawa tika), me te pāpori (i ohaoha ki momo) (Figure 5.5). I ā ia rerenga kōrero e pā ana ki 5 te iwi rerekē. I te pae hopea, ngā enei whakawākanga i te whakamahi i te tauira tauanga e kiia hoki e rua ngā pānga Rater takitahi, me te uaua o ngā pānga rerenga. I roto i te katoa, i kohia Benoit me hoa 200,000 whakawākanga i pā ana ki 1,500 kaimahi.
Whakaahua 5.5: Coding kaupapa i Benoit et al. (2015) (Fig 1).
I roto i te tikanga ki te aromatawai i te kounga o te waehere mano, ano i Benoit me hoa e pā ana ki 10 tohunga-ahorangi me ngā ākonga paetahi i roto i te Tōrangapū Science-auau te taua manifestos te whakamahi i te tukanga rite. Ahakoa i nui atu tāupe atu nga whakataunga i nga tohunga te whakawākanga i te mau melo o te mano, i te mano whakatauranga whakaaro whakaaetanga faahiahia ki te whakaaro mohio whakatauranga (Figure 5.6). E whakaatu ana tēnei rite e, rite ki nga tupuni Zoo, taea kaupapa tätaitanga tangata te whakaputa hua kounga teitei.
Whakaahua 5.6: tata mātanga (x-tuaka) me tata mano (y-tuaka) i roto i te whakaaetanga fakaofo ka Tapa 18 manifestos rōpū i te Britain nui (Benoit et al. 2015) . Nga manifestos ā i i ngā rōpū e toru tōrangapū (tūpato, Reipa, Rīpera Democrats) me ono pōtitanga (1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2010).
Te hanga i runga i tenei hua, whakamahia Benoit me hoa ratou pūnaha mano-Tapa ki te mahi i te rangahau i te taea ki te Project Faaiteraa. Hei tauira, kihai i te Project Faaiteraa waehere te manifestos ki te kaupapa o te manene no te mea kihai i taua i te kaupapa salient ka whakawhanakehia te kaupapa waehere i roto i te pokapū o-1980. Na, i tenei wāhi, he logistically infeasible mo ki te Kaupapa Faaiteraa haere hoki, ka anō-waehere ratou manifestos ki te hopu i tenei mōhiohio. Na reira, e kitea ana e ia e kairangahau hiahia i roto i te haapiiraa i te tōrangapū o te manene e i roto i te waimarie. Heoi, i taea ki te whakamahi i to ratou pūnaha tätaitanga te tangata ki te mahi i tenei waehere-whakaritea ki to ratou rangahau pātai-hohoro a ngāwari Benoit me hoa.
Roto i te tikanga ki te ako kaupapa manene, ā e ratou nga manifestos mō te waru ngā rōpū i roto i te pōtitanga 2010 i roto i te Great Britain. I ā ia rerenga kōrero i roto i ia manifesto rite ki ahakoa e pā ana te reira ki manene, a ki te pera, ahakoa ko reira pro-manene, kūpapa, anti-manene ranei. I roto i 5 haora o whakarewa ratou kaupapa, i roto i nga hua. I kohia e ratou hau atu i te 22,000 ngā urupare i te tapeke utu o $ 360. I tua atu, whakakitea te whakatau tata i te mano whakaaetanga faahiahia ki te rangahau mua o tohunga. Na, ka rite ki te tamataraa hopea, e rua nga marama i muri mai, tāruatia nga kairangahau ratou mano-waehere. I roto i te tahi haora, i hanga e ratou he huingararaunga mano-ā hou e tata ki āu ratou taketake huinga raraunga mano-ā. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, whakahohea tätaitanga tangata ratou ki te whakaputa waehere o ngā tuhinga tōrangapū e whakaae ki ngā aromātai tohunga, a ko reproducible. I tua atu, no te mea he tere, me te cheap te tätaitanga tangata, ko reira faingofua mo ki a ratou whakarite ratou kohinga raraunga ki to ratou pātai rangahau motuhake e pā ana ki manene.
