6.4 wha parau tumu

E wha parau tumu e taea ārahi kairangahau anga papû ore matatika e: whakaute hoki Persons, atawhai hoki, Justice, me faaturaraa i te ture, me te Interest Public.

He ahua rerekē atu te hunga i roto i te mua i te mau tamataraa matatika e fehangahangai kairangahau i roto i te ao mamati. Heoi, ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whakatutuki i ēnei wero mā te hanga i runga i mua whakaaro matatika. I roto i ngā, whakapono ahau e faaite te mau parau tumu i roto i ngā pūrongo-te rua Report Belmont (Belmont Report 1979) me te Report Menlo (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) e nehenehe ia tokoni kairangahau take e pā ana ki te mau tamataraa matatika e fehangahangai ratou. Ka rite ki te whakaahua e ahau i roto i atu kōrero i roto i te Historical Tāpiritanga, ko e rua o enei pūrongo nga hua o hui tau-maha e awhi o tohunga maha ngā whai wāhitanga mō te tāuru i te whānuitanga o ngä ki.

Tuatahi, i roto i te 1974, i roto i te whakautu ki rahunga matatika e kairangahau, pērā i te Ako pakewakewa Tuskegee kati (kite Historical Tāpiritanga), hanga te US Congress he kōmihana motu ki te tuhituhi aratohu matatika mō te rangahau e whai wāhi mai kaupapa tangata. I muri tau e wha o te whakaminenga i te Belmont Conference Center, hua te rōpū te Report Belmont, he tuhinga pūhihi engari kaha. Ko te Report Belmont ko te pūtake hinengaro mo te Ture Common, te huinga o ngā ture whakahaere i rangahau kaupapa tangata e Institutional Poari Arotake (IRBs) e tēra ki uruhi (Porter and Koski 2008) .

Na, i roto i te 2010, i roto i te whakautu ki te rahunga matatika o kairangahau haumaru rorohiko me te uaua o te faaohiparaa i te whakaaro i roto i te Pūrongo Belmont ki te rangahau ake mamati, te US Kāwanatanga-āta te Tari o Homeland Security-hanga te kōmihana puru-rīpene ki te tuhituhi he anga matatika ārahi mō te rangahau e whai wāhi mai ngā mōhiohio me ngā hangarau whakawhitiwhiti (ICT). Nga hua o tenei tautooraa ko te Report Menlo (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) .

Fakataha te Pūrongo Belmont me te Report Menlo whakahere ngaahi tefito'i mo'oni e wha e taea ārahi runanga matatika e kairangahau: whakaute hoki Persons, atawhai hoki, Justice, me faaturaraa i te ture, me te Interest Public. e kore he tono teie mau parau tumu e wha i roto i te mahi tonu māmā, a taea e rapu utu whärite uaua. Te mau parau tumu, Heoi, tauturu i te mārama hokohoko-kētanga, whakaaro huringa ki te rangahau whakaaro, ka taea kairangahau ki te whakamārama i to ratou e whakaaroaro ana ki tahi i te tahi, me te iwi whānui.