6.5 E rua anga matatika
Te nuinga o tautohetohe e pā ana ki matatika rangahau whakaiti ki peapea i waenganui i consequentialism me deontology.
E ratou nuinga ahu teie mau parau tumu matatika e wha i rua atu anga matatika waitara: consequentialism me deontology. Mahara ki enei anga he āwhina no e tauturu te reira te tautuhi koe, a ka korerorero e pā ana ki tetahi o nga raruraru tino faufaa i roto i matatika rangahau: ka koe e taea e te whakamahi i te tikanga pea unethical ki te whakatutuki i te mutunga matatika.
Consequentialism, e whai pakiaka i roto i te mahi o Jeremy Bentham, a John Stuart Mill, hāngai ki runga i te tango mahi e arahi ki āhua pai i roto i te ao (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . Te parau tumu o atawhai hoki, e hāngai ana i runga i whakataurite i mōrea me hua, he hohonu hutia i roto i te whakaaro consequentialist. I runga i te ringa atu, deontology, e whai pakiaka i roto i te mahi o Emanuera Kant, hāngai ana ki ngaahi fatongia matatika, motuhake o ratou hopearaa (Alexander and Moore 2015) . Te parau tumu o te faaturaraa mo Persons, e hāngai ana i runga i te mana motuhake o ngā kaiuru, he hohonu hutia i roto i te whakaaro deontological. He ara tere, me te masivesivá ki te wehewehe i te anga e rua ko e arotahi consequentialists runga pito, me te arotahi deontologists runga tikanga.
Ki te kite i pehea e taea enei anga e rua rerekē, whakaaro whakaae mōhio. taea te whakamahi e rua anga ki te tautoko i whakaae mōhio engari mo take rerekē. He tautohe consequentialist mō te whakaaetanga mōhio ko e tauturu te reira ki te ārai i te kino ki ngā kaiuru mā te opani rangahau e kore e tika taurite tūpono me te painga âwhina. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e tautoko whakaaro consequentialist whakaaetanga mōhio no e tauturu te reira te ārai putanga kino mō ngā kaiuru. Heoi, he tautohe deontological mō te whakaaetanga mōhio hāngai ana ki te ohipa o te kairangahau ki te faatura i te mana motuhake o ona kaiuru. Hoatu enei huarahi, kia waiho he consequentialist parakore pai ki te panga i te titauraa no te whakaaetanga mōhio i roto i te tautuhinga wahi kahore he mōrea, Tena ia te deontologist parakore kore kaha.
E rua consequentialism me deontology whakahere matauranga matatika nui, engari ia e taea te tangohia ki tirohanga e heahea. No te consequentialism, tetahi o enei te wā tino taea te huaina Transplant. A feruri na i te tākuta, e rima ana tūroro mate o te kore okana me kotahi manawanui hauora nei whēkau taea te whakaora e rima katoa. I raro i etahi tikanga, ka he tākuta consequenalist kia tukua-a tae noa hiahiatia-ki te patu i te manawanui hauora ki te whiwhi ona whekau. Tenei aronga oti i runga i pito, kahore he whakaaro ki te tikanga, he mele.
Waihoki, ano deontology taea te tangohia ki tirohanga e rorirori, pērā i roto i te take e taea te huaina Timebomb. A feruri na i te āpiha pirihimana e riro kua he kaiwhakatuma e mohio te wāhi o te Timebomb māka e ka whakamatea e milioni o te iwi. e kore e te āpiha pirihimana deontological takoto i roto i te tikanga ki te tinihanga i te kaiwhakatuma ki heheu te wāhi o te poma. Ko te hoki mele tenei arotahi oti i runga i te tikanga, kahore he pā ki pito,.
I roto i te mahi, te nuinga pāpori kairangahau kakato awhi i te whakakotahitanga o enei anga matatika e rua. Fakatokanga'i tenei papanga o ngā kura matatika tauturu whakamārama he aha ki te maha ngā tautohetohe-i matatika ahu kia waenganui hunga e atu consequentialist me te hunga e atu deontological-kei rangona hoki kia nui te ahunga whakamua. Enei tautohetohe uaua whakatau no consequentialists whakahere tautohetohe e pā ana ki pito, tohenga kore e e fakalotoi ki deontologists nei e māharahara e pā ana tikanga. Waihoki, deontologists ahu ki te whakahere tautohetohe e pā ana ki te tikanga, e kore e nei fakalotoi ki consequentialists e arotahi ana pito. Tohenga i waenganui i consequentialists me deontologists e rite kaipuke e rua e haere i roto i te po.
e Kia kotahi otinga ki enei tautohetohe mo ki kairangahau pāpori whakawhanake i te whakakotahitanga ōrite, morare mārō, ka ngāwari-ki-te tono o te consequentialism me deontology. Kia aroha mai, e te pea ki te tupu; Kua philosopho mahi i runga i enei raruraru mo te wa roa. Na reira, whakaaro ahau anake te akoranga o te mahi ko te ki te whakaae e mahi tatou i te turanga maiorooro, me te muddle mua.
