3.4.1 Tūponotanga tīpako: kohinga raraunga me raraunga tātari

Ka taea e pauna wete distortions āta meinga e te tukanga tauira.

Tauira Tūponotanga Ko te hunga te wahi i te iwi katoa i te mohiotia, kore-kore tūponotanga o whakaurua, a he kuware te māmā hoahoa tūponotanga tīpako tīpako matapōkere i reira te taata tata'itahi e rite tūponotanga o te whakauru. A, no te e tīpakohia ngā mā tīpako matapōkere ohie ki te mahi tino tika (hei tauira, e kore hapa kapinga me kahore whakautu-kore), ka he tika i whakaritea e no te mea e-i runga i toharite-kia te tauira he putanga iti o te taupori.

Kei te uaua whakamahia tīpako tupurangi Simple i roto i te mahi, Heoi. Engari, kairangahau opua tīpako iwi ki tūponotanga taurite o te whakauru i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te utu, me te whakapiki ake i tika. A, no te āta tīpako kairangahau iwi ki tūponotanga rerekē o te whakaurua, ka e hiahiatia whakarerekē kia wetekina nga distortions meinga e te tukanga tauira. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, me pehea tatou e ahuwhānui i te tauira tei runga i te aha i tīpakohia te tauira.

Hei tauira, te Taupori Ruri nāianei (CPS) whakamahia e te kāwanatanga US ki te whakatau tata i te auau kore mahi. Ia marama e uiui e pā ana ki te 100,000 te iwi, rānei mata-ki-mata i runga i te waea ranei, me nga hua e whakamahia ki te whakaputa i te auau kore mahi tata. No te mea hiahia te kāwanatanga ki te whakatau tata i te auau kore mahi i roto i ia āhua, e kore e taea e te reira te tauira tupurangi ohie o ngā pakeke no te mea e e tukua torutoru rawa ngā i roto i te āhua ki te taupori iti (hei tauira, Rhode Island) me he tokomaha rawa i āhua ki taupori nui (hei tauira , California). Engari, te tauira iwi CPS i roto i āhua rerekē i reiti rerekē, ka karanga he tukanga tīpako papanga ki te tūponotanga taurite o te kōwhiringa. Hei tauira, ki te hiahia nga CPS ngā 2,000 ia kāwanatanga, ka pakeke i roto i Rhode Island e whai e pā ana ki te 30 nga wa teitei tūponotanga o te whakaurua atu pakeke i roto i California (Rhode Island: 2,000 ngā ia 800,000 ngā pakeke vs California: 2,000 ngā ia 30.000.000 ngā pakeke). Ka rite ki tatou e kite i muri, i tenei ahua o te tīpako me te tūponotanga taurite tupu ki puna ipurangi o raraunga rawa, engari i rite ki te CPS, te huarahi tauira e kore te nuinga o te wā i mohio whakahaeretia e te kairangahau ranei.

Homai tona hoahoa tīpako, e kore ko te CPS tika māngai o te US; ngā reira maha rawa iwi i Rhode Island, a torutoru rawa i California. Na reira, e te mea whakaarokore ki te whakatau tata i te auau kore mahi i roto i te whenua ki te auau kore mahi i roto i te tauira. Hei utu mo o te tauira toharite, he pai ki te tango i te toharite tautaha, te wahi pūkete nga pauna mo te meka i i nui atu pea ki te kia whakaurua atu te iwi i California iwi i Rhode Island. Hei tauira, ia tangata i California e kia upweighted- ratou e tatau atu i roto i te tata-me ia tangata i Rhode Island e kia downweighted-ratou e tatau iti i roto i te tata. I roto i te ngako, e hoatu e koe atu reo ki te iwi e te hunga iti pea ki te ako e pā ana ki a koutou.

Tenei tauira ha'uti fakatātaa'i he wāhi nui, engari nuitia taahia: e kore e he tauira Me ki te waiho i te putanga iti o te taupori i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaputa i tata pai. Ki te mohiotia nui te pā ana ki te pehea i kohia te raraunga, ka taea te whakamahi e ngā mōhiohio ka hanga tata i te tauira. Te huarahi kua tika ahau fakamatala'i-a e whakaahua ahau pāngarau i roto i te hangarau āpitihanga-taka hangatonu i roto i te anga tūponotanga tīpako puāwaitanga. Na, ka whakaatu ahau pehea e taea te tono e whakaaro taua ki ngā tauira tūponotanga-kore.