3.6.2 aniraa taonga

Ahakoa e taea e te reira pōrohe, ka taea e aniraa taonga kia kaha.

He huarahi rerekē ki pā ana ki te kakato o te raraunga wahi mamati ko ki te whakarangatira tika te reira ki te raraunga rangahau, he tukanga e ka karanga ahau aniraa taonga. Kotahi tauira o te aniraa e whai take ko te ako o Burke and Kraut (2014) , i whakaahuatia ahau i mua i roto i te pene (Wāhanga 3.2), e pā ana ki ranei pāhekoheko i runga i Facebook faarahi auhoaraa kaha. I roto i taua take, Burke me Kraut ngā raraunga rangahau ki raraunga rangitaki Facebook.

Ko te tautuhinga e i mahi Burke ko Kraut roto, Heoi, te auraa e kihai i whai ratou ki te mahi ki e rua raruraru nui e kairangahau mahi taonga mata tono. Tuatahi, mau te hono tahi nga huinga-te raraunga tukanga huaina record hononga, te mo o te lekooti i roto i te kotahi huingararaunga ki te record tika i roto i te tahi atu huingararaunga-e taea e uaua, me te hapa-pängia ana (ka kite tatou i te tauira o tenei raruraru i raro ). Te raruraru matua tuarua o te aniraa e whai take ko e pinepine ka uaua hoki ki te kairangahau aromatawai i te kounga o te tohu mamati. Hei tauira, i ētahi wā i te tukanga i roto i nei kohia reira he kamupene a taea e haria ki he tokomaha o nga raruraru fakamatala'i i roto i Chapter 2. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, aniraa taonga pinepine ka uru mai hapa-e pängia ana hono o rangahau ki mangu-pouaka puna raraunga o unknown kounga. Ahakoa nga āwangawanga e whakamōhio enei raruraru e rua, he mea ka taea ki te whakahaere rangahau nui ki tenei rautaki i faaite e Stephen Ansolabehere me Eitan Hersh (2012) i roto i to ratou rangahau i runga i ngā tauira pōti i roto i te US. Ko te whaitake ki te haere i runga i tenei ako i roto i te tahi mau taipitopito no tokomaha o nga rautaki e whakawhanakehia Ansolabehere ko Hersh ka whai hua i roto i te tahi atu tono o aniraa e whai take.

kua kaipōti huihuinga kua te kaupapa o te rangahau whānui i roto i te pūtaiao tōrangapū, a i roto i te mua, te māramatanga o te tangata e pōti me te aha kua te tikanga kua i runga i te tātaritanga o ngā raraunga rangahau kairangahau '. Pōti i roto i te US, Heoi, ko te whanonga rerekē i roto i taua pūkete te kāwanatanga mehemea kua pōti ia tangata (o te akoranga, te kāwanatanga e kore e tuhi nei i tenei pōti tangata hoki). No te tau maha, i wātea i runga i ngā puka pepa enei pūkete pōti kāwanatanga, marara i roto i ngā tari kāwanatanga ā-rohe huri noa i te motu. Tenei hanga uaua, engari e kore e taea, no te pūtaiao tōrangapū ki te whai i te pikitia tino o te rohe pōti, me ki whakarite te mea e mea te iwi i roto i te rangahau e pā ana ki te pōti ki to ratou whanonga pōti tūturu (Ansolabehere and Hersh 2012) .

Ko, inaianei kua whakamamatitia enei pūkete pōti, me te maha o ngā kamupene tūmataiti kua kohia nahanaha, ka hanumi enei pūkete pōti ki te whakaputa i ngā kōnae pōti ariki whānui e tuhi i te whanonga pōti o Ameliká katoa. ngätahi Ansolabehere ko Hersh ki tetahi o enei kamupene-Catalist LCC-roto i te tikanga ki te whakamahi i to ratou kōnae pōti ariki ki te tauturu i te whakawhanake i te pikitia pai o te rohe pōti. I tua atu, no te mea te reira i okioki i runga i ngā pūkete mamati kohia, ka tiakina e te kamupene, whakaekea ana e ia he maha o painga mo tautooraa o mua e kairangahau i kua meatia waho te āwhina o kamupene, me te whakamahi i ngā pūkete tairitenga.

Ka rite ki he tokomaha o nga puna wahi mamati i roto i Chapter 2, kihai i ngā nui o te mōhiohio taupori, Waiaro, a whanonga e hiahiatia Ansolabehere ko Hersh te kōnae ariki Catalist. I tua atu ki tenei mōhiohio, i tino hiahia i roto i te whakatairite whanonga pōti korerotia ki whanonga pōti whakamana (arā, te kōrero i roto i te pātengi raraunga Catalist) Ansolabehere ko Hersh. Na, nga kairangahau kohia nga raraunga i hiahia ratou hei wāhanga o te Ako Cooperative Congressional Pōti (CCES), he pāpori rangahau nui. Next, hoatu nga kairangahau tenei raraunga ki Catalist, a hoatu ana e Catalist nga kairangahau hoki he kōnae hanumi raraunga e tae whakamana whanonga pōti (i Catalist), te whanonga pōti whaiaro-korerotia (i CCES) me te tatauranga, me ngā waiaro o ngā (i CCES ). I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, Ansolabehere ko Hersh taonga nga raraunga pōti ki raraunga rangahau, me te kōnae hanumi hua āhei ki a ratou mahi i te tahi mea e whakahohea takitahi kore kōnae.

Na roto i te haamaitai i te kōnae raraunga ariki Catalist ki rangahau raraunga, ka haere mai Ansolabehere ko Hersh ki toru whakatau nui. Tuatahi, mo-pūrongo o te pooti he rohe: tata hawhe o te-ngā kaipōti kore korerotia pōti. Ranei, he ara tetahi o te titiro i te reira, ki te korerotia te tangata pōti, i reira he anake te 80% tupono e mau ratou pōti. Tuarua, e kore he matapōkere runga-pūrongo; Ko atu noa i runga i-pūrongo i roto i tiketike-moni, pai-mātauranga, nö te hunga e whai wāhi i roto i ngā take tūmatanui. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te iwi nei e tino pea ki te pōti e pea ki te takoto e pā ana ki pōti hoki te nuinga. A toru, a tino arohaehae, no te mea o te āhua pūnahanaha o runga-pūrongo, te rerekētanga tūturu i waenganui i ngā kaipōti, me-kaipōti kore he iti atu i kitea e ratou tika i rangahau. Hei tauira, te hunga ki te tohu paetahi e nui ake pea ki te pūrongo pōti e pā ana ki 22 ngā ōrau, engari e 10 anake ngā ōrau nui ake pea ki te pōti tūturu. I tua atu, he nui te pai i matapae nei e pūrongo pōti atu nei mau pōti, he kitenga wheako e karanga hoki ki ariā hou mahino ka matapae pōti ngā ariā e hāngai ana rauemi-o pōti.

Ko, te nui matou kia whakawhirinaki enei hua? Kia mahara ki enei hua whakawhirinaki i runga i hono hapa-e pängia ana ki te raraunga pango-pouaka ki moni unknown o te hapa. More āta, kopi nga hua i runga i rua kaupae matua: 1) te kaha o Catalist ki ngā maha ngā puna raraunga kaperuatia ki te whakaputa i te datafile ariki tika, me te 2) te kaha o Catalist ki hono te raraunga rangahau ki tona datafile ariki. Ko te tino uaua ia o enei kaupae me hapa i rānei taahiraa taea arahi kairangahau ki te whakatau he. Heoi, he tino ki te oraraa tonu o Catalist rite te kamupene e rua raraunga tukatuka me te ōrite kia taea haumi reira rauemi i roto i te whakaoti i enei raruraru, maha i te tauine e taea kore kairangahau mātauranga takitahi ranei rōpū o kairangahau ōrite. I roto i te pānui atu i te mutunga o te pene, whakaahua ahau enei raruraru i roto i atu taipitopito me pehea Ansolabehere ko Hersh hanga māia i roto i to ratou hua. Ahakoa he motuhake enei kōrero ki tenei ako, take rite ki enei ka whakatika hoki ētahi atu kairangahau e hiahia ana ki te hono ki pango-pouaka wahi mamati puna raraunga.

He aha e te mau haapiiraa whānui taea kairangahau te utu i tenei ako? Tuatahi, i reira he uara rahi i te haamaitai tohu mamati ki rangahau raraunga. Tuarua, ahakoa enei whakawhāiti, kia kore e whakaaro puna raraunga arumoni "te parau mau whenua", i roto i ētahi wā e taea e ratou whai hua. I roto i te meka, he reira pai ki te whakarite i enei puna raraunga kore ki te pono tino (i ai e hinga ratou poto wa katoa). Engari, he pai ke ki te whakarite ia ratou ki ētahi atu puna raraunga e wātea ana, e te manuwhiri i hapa rite te pai.