5.3.3 ọgbọ na-Patent

Ọgbọ na-patent bụ ihe na-emeghe oku na-aga na-enyere aka patent enyocha chọta tupu art; ọ na-egosi na-emeghe oku nwere ike ji mee ihe karịrị amụma nsogbu.

Patent enyocha nwere ike ọrụ. Ha na-enweta kwesịrị ekwesị, lawyerly nkowa nke ọhụrụ mepụtara, na mgbe ahụ na-aghaghị ikpebi ma ọ bụrụ na kwuru mepụtara bụ "akwụkwọ ọgụgụ." Ya bụ, onye na-enyocha ga-ekpebi ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere "tupu art" -nke bụ na mbụ kọwara mbipute a mepụtara-nke ahụ ga-aza ndị chọrọ patent ghara ịdị irè. Iji ghọta otú nke a na-arụ ọrụ, ka na-atụle a patent enyocha aha ya bụ Albert, na nsọpụrụ nke Albert Einstein onye nwetara ya bido na Swiss Patent Office. Albert nwee ike inweta ihe ngwa dị ka US Patent 20070118658 gbara akwụkwọ site Hewlett Packard maka a "User-selectable management njikere format" na kọwara ọtụtụ ke Beth Noveck akwụkwọ Wiki Government (2009) . Nke a bụ nke mbụ na-ekwu si ngwa:

"A na kọmputa usoro, gụnyere: a processor; a isi ndenye / mmepụta usoro (BIOS) gụnyere mgbagha ntụziaka nke, mgbe gburu site na processor, hazi na processor na-:-ebute ike on onwe ule (post) nhazi na isi ndenye / mmepụta usoro a Mgbakọ ngwaọrụ; ugbu onye ma ọ bụ karịa management njikere formats na a onye ọrụ interface; -enweta a nhọrọ mgbaàmà si onye ọrụ interface-akọwapụta otu n'ime ndị management njikere formats adade ke onye ọrụ interface; na hazi a ngwaọrụ tinyere na Mgbakọ usoro na kwuru na ọ bụ management njikere format. "

Kwesịrị Albert award 20 afọ nanị ikike ka a patent ma ọ bụ ka a nọworo na tupu art? The stakes na ọtụtụ patent mkpebi ndị dị elu, ma dị mwute ikwu, Albert ga-eme mkpebi a enweghị ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ọmụma ahụ ka o wee mkpa. N'ihi na nnukwu backlog nke Ikike nchọpụta Kemịkalụ, Albert na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ufiop oge nsogbu na-aghaghị mkpebi ya dabeere na naanị 20 awa nke ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa ịnọgide na chọrọ mepụtara nzuzo, Albert na-adịghị ekwe ịkọrọ ya n'èzí ọkachamara (Noveck 2006) .

Ọnọdụ a gburu iwu prọfesọ Bet Noveck dị ka kpamkpam gbajiri. Na July 2005, n'ike mmụọ nsọ na akụkụ site Wikipedia, ọ kere a blog post akpọ "ọgbọ na-Patent: A Umeala amaghị" na-akpọ maka ihe na-emeghe ọgbọ na-review usoro maka nchọpụta Kemịkalụ. Mgbe mmekota na US Patent na Trademark Office, na-adọrọkwa technology ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka IBM, ọgbọ na-Patent na oru na June nke 2007. A fọrọ nke nta ka 200 afọ ọchịchị ndioru govanmenti na otu ìgwè nke ndị ọkàiwu yiri ka-atụghị anya ya anya n'ihi na kenkeputa , ma ọgbọ na-patent-eme a mara mma ọrụ nke guzozie ọ bụla nke si mmasị.

Ọgụgụ 5.9: ọgbọ na-patent workflow. Isi Iyi: Bestor and Hamp (2010) .

Nke a bụ otú o si arụ ọrụ (ọgụgụ 5.9). Mgbe otu onye mmewe kwenyere isoro ọfụma na-enwe ya ngwa na-aga site n'obodo review (ọzọ na ihe mere o nwere ike ime ka n'otu ntabi anya), ngwa na-ezitere ka a website. Next, ngwa na-atụle site obodo ndị nlebanye anya (ọzọ, ihe na ihe mere ha nwere ike isonye na a oge) na ihe atụ nke na o kwere omume tupu art na-emi odude, annotated, na uploaded a website. Usoro a nke ụka, nnyocha, na-ebugote-aga n'ihu, ruo mgbe, n'ikpeazụ, na obodo nke ndị nlebanye anya votes iji họrọ n'elu 10 mbak-enyo enyo na tupu art na-ahụ zitere ka patent enyocha maka nyochaa. The patent enyocha mgbe ahụ enịmde ya research na na Nchikota na ndị ọsọ ọsọ si ọgbọ na-Patent sụgharịa a ikpe.

Alaghachi ọzọ US Patent 20070118658 maka a "User-selectable management njikere format." Nke a patent e uploaded peertopatent.org na June 2007 ebe ọ na-agụ site Steve Pearson, a agadi software engineer maka IBM. Pearson ama emehe ye mpaghara ebe a nke nnyocha na chọpụtara a mpempe tupu art: a ntuziaka si Intel akpọ "Active Management Technology: Ndenye Reference Guide" na e bipụtara afọ abụọ tupu mgbe. Burugodị na akwụkwọ a, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ na tupu art na nkwurịta okwu ahụ si ọgbọ na-Patent obodo, a patent enyocha malitere a nke ọma nyochaa nke ikpe, n'ikpeazụ, chụpụ ndị patent ngwa, na akụkụ n'ihi Intel ntuziaka na e odude site Pearson (Noveck 2009) . Nke 66 ikpe na dechara ọgbọ na-Patent, fọrọ nke nta ka 30% na-jụrụ bụ dabere na tupu art hụrụ site ọgbọ na-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .

Gịnị na-eme imewe nke ọgbọ na-Patent karịsịa mara bụ ụzọ na ọ na-akawanye ndị na ndị dịrịtara ọdịmma niile na-agba egwú ọnụ. Echepụta nwere ike isonye na a na-emeghe patent review n'ihi na patent ụlọ ọrụ enyocha ọgbọ na-Patent ngwa ọsọ ọsọ karịa Ikike nchọpụta Kemịkalụ-aga site na omenala, nzuzo nyochaa usoro. Ndị nlebanye anya nwere ike isonye na iji gbochie arịọrọ "junk Ikike nchọpụta Kemịkalụ," na ọtụtụ nke yiri ka chọta usoro atọ ụtọ. N'ikpeazụ, patent ụlọ ọrụ na patent enyocha nwere ike na-ekere òkè n'ihi na ọ nwere ike na-eme ka ha pụta mma. Ya bụ, ọ bụrụ na ndị obodo nyochaa usoro okụt 10 ọjọọ iberibe tupu art, ọrụ a nwere ike ileghara anya site patent enyocha. Yabụ, ọgbọ na-Patent na a patent enyocha-arụ ọrụ ọnụ kwesịrị ka mma ma ọ bụ mma karịa a patent enyocha-arụ ọrụ na-akpa iche. N'ihi ya, na-emeghe oku adịghị mgbe niile na-eji dochie ndị ọkachamara; mgbe ụfọdụ ha na-enyere ndị ọkachamara na-eme ọrụ ha mma.

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọgbọ na-to-Patent nwere ike iyi dị iche iche karịa Netflix Nrite na Foldit, o nwere yiri ihe owuwu na na ngwọta na-adị mfe iji lelee karịa n'ịwa. Ozugbo onye na-amị akwụkwọ ntuziaka "Active Management Technology: Ndenye Reference Guide" ọ dịtụ mfe na n'ihi na a patent enyocha, ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ-iji nyochaa na akwụkwọ a bụ tupu art. Otú ọ dị, ịchọta na ntuziaka bụ nnọọ ihe siri ike. Ọgbọ na-Patent na-egosikwa na-emeghe oku na-aga oru ngo kwere omume ọbụna maka ihe aga-eme ndị na-adịghị doro anya na amenable ka quantification.