5.4.3 Mmechi
-Ekesa data collection kwere omume, na-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-abụ na-agụnye technology na n'ezinụlọ òkè.
Dị ka eBird-egosi, na-ekesa data collection ga-eji na nnyocha sayensị. Ọzọkwa, PhotoCity na-egosi na nsogbu metụtara ụfọdụ na data àgwà ndị nwere ike solvable.
Olee otú mmadụ nwere na-ekesa data collection ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ research? Otu ihe gosiri na-abịa site ọrụ nke Susan Watkins na ya ọrụ ibe ke Malawi Journals Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Na nke a oru ngo, 22 ndị bi n'ógbè na-akpọ "ndi oru nta akuko" -kept "mkparịta ụka magazin" na e dere, n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na mkparịta ụka ha nụrụ banyere AIDS na-eme ná ndụ ndị mmadụ nkịtị (na oge oru ngo malitere, ihe 15% nke ndị toworo eto nọ na Malawi bu nje HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). N'ihi na ha na Ọnọnime ọnọdụ, ndị a ndi oru nta akuko na-enwe ike nụpere mkparịta ụka na-ahụ pụrụ ịbụ keerughi Susan Watkins na ya Western nnyocha rụkọrọ ọrụ (Aga m ekeneme ụkpụrụ ọma ndị a gasịrị na isi mgbe m na-enye ndụmọdụ banyere emebe gị onwe gị uka mmekota oru ngo ). The data site na Malawi Journals Project emewo ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dị mkpa Nchoputa. Dị ka ihe atụ, tupu oru ngo malitere, ọtụtụ outsiders kweere na e nwere ide banyere AIDS na sub-Saharan Afrika, ma magazin gosiri na nke a bụ n'ụzọ doro anya abụghị ikpe: ndi oru nta akuko nụrụ ọtụtụ narị mkparịta ụka n'isiokwu, na ọnọdụ nnọọ iche dị ka ili ozu , Ogwe, na chọọchị dị iche iche. Ọzọkwa, ọdịdị nke mkparịta ụka ndị a nyeere na-eme nnyocha ighotazi ufodu nke iguzogide condom ojiji; otú ahụ ka condom ojiji e gosikwa na ike ọha ozi bụ ekwekọghị n'ụzọ na a tụlere ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .
N'ezie, dị ka data site eBird, na data site na Malawi Journals Project a ezughị okè, otu ihe iseokwu ahụ n'ụzọ sara mbara site Watkins na ibe. Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị dere mkparịta ụka na-adịghị a random sample nke ihe nile o kwere omume mkparịta ụka. Kama nke ahụ, ha na-na-ezughị ezu onuogugu nke mkparịta ụka banyere AIDS. Na okwu nke data àgwà, na-eme nnyocha kweere na ha ndi oru nta akuko di elu-edu akụkọ, dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site anọgidesi n'ime Starry na gafee magazin. Ọzọ, mgbe ezu oru nta akuko na--deployed na a obere ezu ọnọdụ na akụkọ na-elekwasị anya na-a kpọmkwem isiokwu, redundancy ghọrọ kwere omume, nke enwekwu obi ike na data mma. Dị ka ihe atụ, a mmekọahụ ọrụ aha ya bụ "Stella" kparutere ọtụtụ ugboro na magazin nke anọ dị iche iche ndi oru nta akuko (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Dị ka ọ dị PhotoCity, na ojiji nke redundancy bụ iwu dị mkpa maka adabere na ya kpebie na huu data àgwà na-ekesa data collection oru ngo. Iji nwetakwuo iru gị nsinammuo, Isiokwu 5.3 na-egosi ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke na-ekesa data collection na-elekọta mmadụ nnyocha.
| data anakọtara | tikeeti |
|---|---|
| Mkparịta ụka banyere HIV / AIDS na Malawi | Watkins and Swidler (2009) ; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015) |
| Street arịọ na London | Purdam (2014) |
| Esemokwu ihe ndị dị na Eastern Congo | Windt and Humphreys (2016) |
| Economic ọrụ na Nigeria na Liberia | Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016) |
| influenza surveillance | Noort et al. (2015) |
All nke ihe atụ ndị a kọwara ná nkebi a na-etinye aka n'ọrụ òkè: ndi oru nta akuko transcribed mkparịta ụka na ha nuru; birders uploaded ha birding checklists; ma ọ bụ egwuregwu uploaded ha photos. Ma, ọ bụrụ na òkè bụ akpaka na achọghị ka ihe ọ bụla kpọmkwem nkà ma ọ bụ oge edo? Nke a bụ nkwa awa site "participatory N'ịchọpụta" ma ọ bụ "ndị mmadụ-centric N'ịchọpụta." Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị Pothole patrol, a oru ngo ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na MIT, ndokwasa GPS onwem accelerometers n'ime asaa taxi cabs na Boston ebe (Eriksson et al. 2008) . N'ihi na akwọ ụgbọala n'elu a pothole doo a iche accelerometer mgbaàmà, ndị a ngwaọrụ, mgbe enịm n'ime akpali akpali tagzi ahụ nọ, nwere ike ịmepụta pothole map nke Boston. N'ezie, tagzi ahụ nọ na-enweghị usoro ịlele okporo ụzọ, ma nye ezu tagzi ahụ nọ, e nwere ike zuru ezu mkpuchi iji nye ihe ọmụma banyere akụkụ dị ukwuu nke na ha obodo. Abamuru nke abụọ dị n'ezinụlọ na sistemụ na-adabere na nkà na ụzụ bụ na ha de-nkà na usoro nke inye onyinye data: mgbe ọ na-achọ nkà na-eme ka eBird (n'ihi na ọ dị gị mkpa inwe ike reliably mata ụdị nnụnụ), ọ na-achọ ọ pụrụ iche nkà na- -eme ka Pothole patrol.
-Aga n'ihu, M chee na ọtụtụ na-ekesa data collection oru ngo ga-amalite ime ka eji ike nke mobile phones na-ama na-ebu site ọtụtụ ijeri mmadụ gburugburu ụwa. Ndị a igwe na-ama nwere a ukwuu nke sensọ mkpa ka mmesho, dị ka microphones, ese foto, GPS ngwaọrụ, na clocks. Ọzọkwa, ndị a mobile phones akwado atọ ọzọ na-ngwa ọdịnala eme nnyocha ụfọdụ achịkwa ahụ kpatara data collection ogbugba ndu. N'ikpeazụ, ndị a igwe nwere Internet-Njikọta, na o kwere ka ha na-anya-Ibu Ibu data na ha na-anakọta. E nwere ọtụtụ ọrụaka nsogbu site etịbe sensọ na mmachi ndụ batrị, ma nsogbu ndị a ga-abụ na ebelata oge dị ka technology amalite. Okwu ndị metụtara nzuzo na ụkpụrụ ọma, n'aka nke ọzọ, nwere ike inwe ihe mgbagwoju anya dị ka technology amalite; M ga-alaghachi ajụjụ nke ụkpụrụ ọma mgbe m na-enye ndụmọdụ banyere emebe gị onwe gị uka mmekota.
Na-ekesa data collection oru ngo, ọrụ afọ ofufo na-eme data banyere ụwa. Nke a na obibia esesịn e ji mee ihe ịga nke ọma, na-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-eme ka ahụ yiri ka ilebara ụfọdụ na data àgwà na-akpata nchegbu. Ọ dabara nke ọma, ẹdude oru ngo dị ka PhotoCity na Pothole patrol-atụ aro ngwọta nye nsogbu ndị a. Dị ka ihe oru ngo-uru nke technology nke na-enyere de-ọkà na n'ezinụlọ òkè, na-ekesa data collection oru ngo kwesịrị n'ike n'ike abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ, na-eme nnyocha na-anakọta data na bụ nanị oyi ókè n'oge gara aga.
