6.4.4 Nkwanye Ùgwù maka Iwu na Public Interest
Akwanyere Iwu na Public Interest gbatịrị ụkpụrụ nke Beneficence n'ofè kpọmkwem research sonyere na-agụnye ndị niile dị mkpa nketa oke.
The anọ na nke ikpeazụ ụkpụrụ nwere ike iduzi echiche gị bụ Nkwanye Ùgwù maka Iwu na Public Interest. Ụkpụrụ a na-abịa site Menlo Report, ya mere e nwere ike na-erughị maara nke ọma na-elekọta mmadụ na-eme nnyocha. The Menlo Report rụrụ ụka na ụkpụrụ nke Nkwanye Ùgwù maka Iwu na Public Interest pụtara ìhè ụkpụrụ nke Beneficence, ma Menlo Report rụrụ ụka na ọ kwesịrị doro echiche. Dị m n'obi, ụzọ kasị mma na-eche echiche banyere ụkpụrụ bụ na Beneficence gwa nwanne elekwasị anya na sonyere na na nrubeisi nye iwu na Public Interest n'ụzọ doro anya na-agba ume na-eme nnyocha na-a wider echiche na-agụnye iwu na ha echiche. Na analọg afọ research-dị ka omenala nnyocha ndị e mere na lab nwere-eme nnyocha eleghi anya ka mmadụ na mberede imebi iwu. Na online nnyocha, nke a bụ, dị mwute ikwu, ọtụtụ obere ezi.
Na Menlo Report, Nkwanye Ùgwù maka Iwu na Public Interest nwere abụọ dị iche components: (1) n'ikedo na (2) nghọta dabeere aza. Nnabata pụtara na-eme nnyocha agbali iji mata ma na-erubere mkpa iwu, contracts, na usoro nke ọrụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, nnabata ga-apụta na a na-eme nchọpụta atụle ịkpụcha ọdịnaya nke a website kwesịrị ịgụ na ịtụle okwu-nke-ọrụ nkwekọrịta nke na website. E nwere ike ọ dị, abụ ọnọdụ ebe ọ bụ ime ihe megidere usoro nke ọrụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, n'otu oge, ma Verizon na AT & T nwere usoro nke ọrụ na gbochiri ahịa si akatọ ha (Vaccaro et al. 2015) . Researchers na-ekwesịghị akpaghị aka agbụ okwu ndị dị otú-nke-ọrụ nkwekọrịta. N'eziokwu, obu ma ọ bụrụ na-eme nnyocha na-emerụ usoro nke ọrụ nkwekọrịta, ha kwesịrị ịkọwara ha mkpebi n'ihu ọha (eg, Soeller et al. (2016) ). Ma, nke a openness nwere ike na-ekpughe na-eme nnyocha na-kwukwara iwu n'ihe ize ndụ. Na United States, ihe atụ, na Computer Igwu wayo na Mmetọ Act-eme ka ọ n'uzo na ezighi ezi na-emerụ usoro nke ọrụ nkwekọrịta (Sandvig and Karahalios 2016) .
Ọzọkwa, nghọta dabeere na ngosipụta pụtara na-eme nnyocha mkpa ka doro anya banyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ụzọ, na-arụpụta na niile nkebi nke ha research usoro na ibu ibu omume ha. Ụzọ ọzọ na-eche banyere ihe a ya lakpuo dabeere na ngosipụta bụ na ọ na-agbalị iji gbochie research obodo ime ihe na nzuzo. A ya lakpuo dabeere na ngosipụta enyere a nabatara umu ọrụ maka nnyocha obodo na ọha na eze na usoro ziri ezi arụmụka, nke dị mkpa maka ma usoro ziri ezi na bara uru mere.
Ime ihe e Nkwanye Ùgwù maka Iwu na Public Interest ka atọ ndị a ọmụmụ na-egosi ụfọdụ n'ime complexity na-eme nnyocha na-eche ihu mgbe a bịara iwu. Dị ka ihe atụ, Grimmelmann (2015) rụrụ ụka na mmetụta uche Contagion nwere ike ịbụ iwu na-akwadoghị n'okpuru iwu nọ State of Maryland. Karịsịa, Maryland House Bill 917, gabiga na 2002, gbatịrị Common Ọma ahụ nchebe niile nyocha ekenịmde ke Maryland, onwe ha nke ego isi iyi (cheta na ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara kweere na mmetụta uche Contagion kwesịghị irubere ndị Common Ọma ahụ n'okpuru Federal Law n'ihi na ọ mụụrụ na Facebook, ihe alụmdi na-adịghị enweta research ego nke si US Government). Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta kweere na Maryland House Bill 917 bụ onwe ya ekwekọghị n'ụkpụrụ [ Grimmelmann (2015) ; p. 237-238]. Eme na-elekọta mmadụ na-eme nnyocha na-adịghị ikpe, ya mere na-adịghị onwem ịghọta ma chọpụta na iwu iwu nke niile 50 US na-ekwu. Ndị a mgbagwoju na-amụba mba na mba oru ngo. Encore ka ihe atụ, aka sonyere na 170 mba, nke na-eme iwu nnabata incredibly ike. Mgbe a ambiguous iwu gburugburu ebe obibi, na-eme nnyocha ga-elezi anya na-ata atọ ndị ọzọ usoro ziri ezi nyochaa nke ọrụ ha, dị ka ma a si enweta ndụmọdụ banyere ihe ndị iwu chọrọ na dị ka a onye nchedo bụrụ na ha nnyocha bụ n'amaghị ama iwu na-akwadoghị.
N'aka nke ọzọ, ha atọ ọmụmụ bipụtara ha na-arụpụta agụmakwụkwọ magazin enyere nghọta dabeere na ngosipụta. N'ezie, mmetụta uche Contagion e bipụtara na-emeghe ohere nke mere nnyocha obodo na nabatara umu ọha na ndị-mgbe na eziokwu-banyere imewe na ya pụta nke nnyocha. One ọchịchị nke isi mkpịsị aka na-amata nghọta dabeere na ngosipụta bụ ịjụ onwe gị: m ga-abụ ala ma ọ bụrụ na m research usoro e dere banyere n'ihu peeji nke ebe obibi m akụkọ obodo ahụ? Ọ bụrụ na azịza ya bụ ee e, ọ na-a siri ike na-egosi na gị nnyocha imewe kwesịrị mgbanwe.
Ná mmechi, Belmont Report na Menlo Report gwa Abigel anọ ụkpụrụ na ike ga-eji na-amata research: Nkwanye Ùgwù maka Persons, Beneficence, Justice, na nrubeisi nye iwu na Public Interest. Ime anọ ndị a ụkpụrụ na omume ọ bụghị mgbe niile n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ, na ọ nwere ike na-achọ siri ike iṅomi. Dị ka ihe atụ, mgbe ekpebi ma ha debrief sonyere na mmetụta uche Contagion, Nkwanye Ùgwù maka Persons nwere ike ịgba debriefing ebe Beneficence nwere ike ịkụda debrief (ma ọ bụrụ na debriefing ga onwe ya na-eme ihe ọjọọ). E nweghị akpaka ụzọ mee ka a sọọ mpi ụkpụrụ, ma na a kacha nta, anọ-esi nyere dokwuo anya ahia-offs, na-atụ aro mgbanwe iji mee nnyocha aghụghọ, na-eme ka na-eme nnyocha na-akọwa echiche ha na ibe ha na izugbe ọha.
