6.5 abụọ usoro ziri ezi frameworks

Kasị arụmụka banyere nnyocha ụkpụrụ ọma belata nghọtahie dị n'etiti consequentialism na deontology.

Anọ ndị a usoro ziri ezi ụkpụrụ na-onwe ha n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ewepụtara abụọ ọzọ nkịtị usoro ziri ezi frameworks: consequentialism na deontology. Ịghọta ndị a frameworks na-enye aka n'ihi na ọ ga-enyere gị aka ịmata ma tụgharịa uche banyere otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi e esemokwu ke nnyocha ụkpụrụ ọma: mgbe nwere ike ị na-eji nwere unethical-esi nweta ihe ndị metụtara ụkpụrụ ọgwụgwụ.

Consequentialism, nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ ke utom Jeremy Bentham na John Stuart Mill, na-elekwasị anya na-ewere omume na-eduga mma na-ekwu na ụwa (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . Ụkpụrụ nke Beneficence, nke na-elekwasị anya guzozie ize ndụ na abamuru, dabesiiri consequentialist echiche. N'aka nke ọzọ, deontology, nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ ke utom Immanuel Kant, na-elekwasị anya usoro ziri ezi ọrụ, onwe ha nke na ha na ya pụta (Alexander and Moore 2015) . Ụkpụrụ nke Nkwanye Ùgwù maka Persons, nke na-elekwasị anya obodo kwụụrụ nke sonyere, dabesiiri deontological echiche. A ngwa ngwa na crude ụzọ ya ịmata ọdịiche abụọ frameworks bụ na consequentialists-elekwasị anya na nsọtụ na deontologists-elekwasị anya na-esi.

Iji hụ otú abụọ ndị a frameworks nwere ike dị iche, tụlee ụbụrụ bụ. Ma frameworks a pụrụ iji na-akwado ụbụrụ bụ ma maka ihe ọzọ. A consequentialist arụmụka maka ụbụrụ bụ ya bụ na ọ na-enyere aka igbochi nsogbu sonyere site n'igbochi nnyocha nke na-adịghị ekwesị si akwado ihe ize ndụ na-atụ anya uru. Yabụ, consequentialist echiche ga-akwado ụbụrụ bụ n'ihi na ọ na-enyere aka igbochi ọjọọ a ga esi maka sonyere. Otú ọ dị, a deontological arụmụka maka ụbụrụ bụ na-elekwasị anya a na-eme nchọpụta si ọrụ na-akwanyere ndị obodo kwụụrụ nke ya sonyere. Nyere ndị a na-eru nso, a dị ọcha consequentialist pụrụ ịbụ njikere waive chọrọ iji ụbụrụ bụ na a ọnọdụ ebe ọ dighi ihe ize ndụ, ebe a dị ọcha deontologist nwere ike ọ gaghị.

Ma consequentialism na deontology na-enye ihe dị mkpa usoro ziri ezi nghọta, ma onye ọ bụla e nwere ike iwere na uche na-adịghị ókè. N'ihi na consequentialism, otu n'ime ndị a dị oké njọ a pụrụ ịkpọ transplant. Kere a dọkịta onye nwere ise ọrịa na-anwụ anwụ nke ngwa odida na onye ahụ ike onye ọrịa onye akụkụ nwere ike ịzọpụta nile ise. N'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ, a consequenalist dọkịta ga-ekwe-na ọbụna chọrọ-igbu ndị ike ndidi iji nweta ya akụkụ. Nke a zuru ezu na-elekwasị anya nsọtụ, enweghị banyere n'aka, gbagọrọ agbagọ.

N'otu aka ahụ, deontology nwekwara ike iwere ka ihere ókè, dị ka n'ihe banyere ahụ ike na-akpọ Timebomb. Were ya na onye uwe ojii bụ onye weghaara a-eyi ọha egwu bụ onye maara ọnọdụ nke a uhuruchi timebomb nke ga-egbu ọtụtụ nde mmadụ. A deontological uwe ojii agaghị agha ụgha iji duhie a-eyi ọha egwu n'ime ekpughe na ọnọdụ nke bọmbụ. Nke a zuru ezu na-elekwasị anya n'aka, na-enweghị ekele na nsọtụ, na-ezighị ezi.

Na omume, kasị na-elekọta mmadụ na-eme nnyocha obi kpamkpam ịmakụ a ngwakọta nke abụọ ndị a usoro ziri ezi frameworks. Mgbe ọ hụrụ otú nke a agakọ nke usoro ziri ezi na ụlọ akwụkwọ na-enyere dokwuo anya ihe mere ọtụtụ usoro ziri ezi arụmụka-nke na-aka enwe n'etiti ndị na-ọzọ consequentialist na ndị na-ọzọ deontological-don't ka ukwuu na-enwe ọganihu. Ndị a arụmụka adịkarịghị edozi n'ihi consequentialists-enye arụmụka banyere nsọtụ, arụmụka na-adịghị n'igwa ka deontologists onye na-eche banyere ụzọ. N'otu aka ahụ, deontologists na-enye arụmụka banyere n'aka, nke na-abụghị eziokwu ma doo anya na consequentialists ndị na-elekwasị anya na-nsọtụ. Arụmụka n'etiti consequentialists na deontologists dị ka Abụọ n'ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe n'ime abalị.

One ngwọta ndị a arụmụka ga-abụ na-elekọta mmadụ na-eme nnyocha ịzụlite a na-agbanwe agbanwe, n'ụzọ omume siri ike, ma dị mfe na-etinye ngwakọta nke consequentialism na deontology. O di nwute na, na nke ahụ bụ eleghi anya na-eme; ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma na-arụ ọrụ na nsogbu ndị a ruo ogologo oge. Ya mere, m na-eche naanị omume bụ ikweta na anyị na-arụ ọrụ site ekwekọghị ntọala na muddle-atụ.