2.5 Xaus
Loj cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov txhia chaw, tab sis siv nws thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm cov observational cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib raug zoo kev tshawb fawb yog ib qhov nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv kuv kev muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo li ib tug tsis muaj su noj dawb cuab yeej rau kev tshawb fawb: yog hais tias koj tsis muab tso rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm sau cov ntaub ntawv, ces koj tej zaum yuav muaj rau muab tso rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm cais koj cov ntaub ntawv los yog nyob rau hauv xav txog dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav nqe lus nug nug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li cov tswv yim hauv tshooj no, kuv xav hais tias hais tias muaj peb lub ntsiab txoj kev uas loj cov ntaub ntawv qhov chaw yuav ua tau zoo rau kev tshawb fawb:
- empirically adjudicating ntawm competing theoretical txoj hau kev. Piv txwv ntawm qhov no zoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm muaj xws li Farber (2015) (New York Taxi tsav tsheb) thiab King, Pan, and Roberts (2013) (Censorship nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj)
- paub kev ntsuas rau txoj cai los ntawm nowcasting. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm no hom ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yog Ginsberg et al. (2009) (Google kab mob khaub thuas Tiam sis).
- kwv causal teebmeem nrog tej yam ntuj tso thwmsim thiab txuam. Piv txwv ntawm qhov no zoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Mas and Moretti (2009) (peer los ntawm productivity) thiab Einav et al. (2015) (nyhuv ntawm starting nqi rau auctions ntawm eBay).
Ntau yam tseem ceeb cov lus nug nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau qhia raws li ib yam ntawm cov peb. Txawm li cas los, cov le caag feem ntau yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam mus coj ib tug heev rau cov ntaub ntawv. Dab tsi ua rau Farber (2015) nthuav yog lub theoretical txug kev ntsuas. Qhov no theoretical txug los ntawm sab nraum cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li, rau cov neeg uas muaj zoo nyob hauv nug tej hom ntawm kev tshawb fawb muaj lus nug, loj cov ntaub ntawv qhov chaw yuav ua tau heev fruitful.
Thaum kawg, es ziag-tsav empirical tshawb fawb (uas tau ua kom pom tseeb rau ntawm tshooj no), peb yuav tig lub tsab ntawv thiab tsim empirically-tsav theorizing. Uas yog, los ntawm cov ceev faj txuam nrog ntawm empirical tseeb, cov qauv, thiab learn, peb yuav tsim tshiab theories.
Qhov no lwm, cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej mus kom ze rau lub hom phiaj yog tsis tshiab, thiab nws tau feem ntau tag zog articulated los ntawm Glaser and Strauss (1967) nrog rau lawv cov hu rau grounded kev tshawb xav. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv-thawj mus kom ze, txawm li cas los, tsis hais "qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav," raws li tau thov los ntawm ntau ntau lub journalism nyob ib ncig ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub digital muaj hnub nyoog (Anderson 2008) . Es, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ib puag ncig kev hloov, peb yuav tsum xav tias yuav ib tug re-balancing nyob rau hauv lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tshawb xav thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb nyob qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv sau yog kim, nws yuav ua rau kev txiav txim zoo xwb sau cov ntaub ntawv uas theories hais yuav tsum yog tus tseem ceeb. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb nyob qhov twg enormous nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv twb muaj dawb, nws yuav ua rau kev txiav txim zoo los kuj sim ib cov ntaub ntawv-thawj mus kom ze (Goldberg 2015) .
Raws li kuv tau pom nyob rau hauv tshooj no, soj ntsuam ntawm muaj peev xwm kawm tau ntau los ntawm menyuam cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no peb tshooj, Kuv mam li piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas peb yuav kawm tau ntxiv thiab tej yam txawv yog hais tias peb txiav ris tsho peb cov ntaub ntawv sau thiab sib tham nrog cov neeg ncaj qha los ntawm nug lawv cov lus nug (Tshooj 3), khiav thwmsim (Chapter 4), thiab txawm uas lawv nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb ua ncaj qha (Tshooj 5).
