5.3.3 Peer-to-Patent
Peer-to-patent yog ib qho qhib hu uas yuav pab patent examiners nrhiav ua ntej kos duab; nws qhia tau hais tias qhib hu yuav siv tau rau ntau tshaj twv ua ntej muaj teeb meem.
Patent examiners muaj ib tug nyuaj txoj hauj lwm. Lawv tau txais terse, lawyerly qhia txog tshiab inventions, thiab ces yuav tsum txiav txim siab yog hais tias tus hais invention yog "dab neeg." Qhov ntawd yog lub examiner yuav tsum txiav txim siab hais tias muaj yog "ua ntej art" -ib yav tas los piav version ntawm no invention-uas yuav kav lub npaj patent invalid. Yuav kom to taub li cas no ua hauj lwm, cia peb xav txog ib tug patent twv ntawd npe hu Albert, nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Albert Einstein uas tau txais nws pib nyob rau hauv lub Swiss Patent Office. Albert yuav tau txais ib daim ntawv thov ib yam li US Patent 20070118658 tsum yog los ntawm Hewlett Packard rau ib tug "Neeg-selectable kev tswj qhia hom" thiab piav txog feem nyob rau hauv Beth Noveck phau ntawv Wiki tsoom fwv (2009) . Ntawm no yog cov thawj daim ntawv thov los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau:
"Ib tug computer system, muaj: ib tug processor; ib tug yooj yim cov tswv yim / tso zis system (BIOS) xws li logic qhia uas, thaum tua los ntawm cov processor, kho lub processor rau: pib lub hwj chim rau nws tus kheej kuaj (NCEJ) ua nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim cov tswv yim / tso zis system ntawm ib tug xam ntaus ntawv; tam sim no ib tug los yog ntau tshaj kev tswj qhia tawm tswv yim hauv ib tug neeg interface; tau txais ib tug xaiv teeb liab los ntawm tus neeg siv interface paub ib tug ntawm cov kev tswj qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv tus neeg siv interface; thiab kho ib tug ntaus ntawv ua ke rau lub xam system nrog lub qhia kev tswj qhia hom ntawv. "
Yuav tsum Albert puav pheej 20 xyoo monopoly cai no patent los yog tau muaj lawm ua ntej kos duab? Tej ceg txheem ntseeg nyob rau hauv ntau patent kev txiav txim siab yog siab, tiam sis hmoov tsis, Albert yuav tau ua qhov kev txiav txim tsis muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tej zaum nws yuav xav tau. Vim hais tias ntawm cov loj loj backlog ntawm patents, Albert yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv khaus lub sij hawm siab thiab yuav tsum ua kom nws kev txiav txim siab raws li nyob rau hauv xwb 20 teev ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Ntxiv mus, vim hais tias ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau kom lub tswv yim tsim muaj daim card, Albert yog tsis tau tso cai rau tham nrog sab nraum cov kws txawj (Noveck 2006) .
Qhov no qhov teeb meem ntaus kev cai lij choj cov xibfwb Beth Noveck li kiag li lawm. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 2005, inspired nyob rau hauv ib feem los ntawm Wikipedia, nws tsim ib tug blog post hu ua "Peer-to-Patent: ib tug coj tus Tswv yim txog" uas hu ua rau ib tug qhib tug phooj ywg-xyuas system rau patents. Tom qab kev sib koom tes nrog rau US Patent thiab Trademark chaw ua hauj lwm thiab ua technology tuam txhab uas muag xws li IBM, Peer-to-Patent twb launched nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj ntawm 2007. Ib tug ze li ntawm 200 xyoo uas tsoom fwv bureaucracy thiab ib pawg ntawm cov kws lij choj no mas, zoo li ib tug tsis zoo li qhov chaw mus nrhiav innovation , tab sis Peer-to-Patent puas ib tug ntxim hlub txoj hauj lwm ntawm ncaj nruab nrab txhua leej txhua tus nyiam.
Daim duab 5.9: Peer-to-patent workflow. Tau qhov twg los: Bestor and Hamp (2010) .
Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm (Daim duab 5.9). Tom qab ib qho inventor pom zoo kom muaj nws daim ntawv thov mus los ntawm lub zej zog kev saib xyuas (ntxiv rau yog vim li cas nws yuav ua li ntawd nyob rau hauv ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd), daim ntawv thov yog muab tso rau ib lub website. Tom ntej no, daim ntawv thov no yuav sib tham los ntawm lub zej zog reviewers (dua, ntxiv rau yog vim li cas lawv yuav koom nyob rau hauv ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd) thiab cov piv txwv uas tau ua ntej kos duab muaj nyob, annotated, thiab uploaded rau ib lub website. Qhov no txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tham, kev tshawb fawb, thiab uploading tseem, kom txog rau thaum, thaum kawg, lub zej lub zos ntawm reviewers votes mus xaiv lub sab saum toj 10 daim xav tias ua ntej kos duab uas yog ces muab xa mus rau lub patent ntsuam tshuaj rau tes xyuas. Lub patent twv ntawd ces ua rau nws tus kheej tshawb fawb thiab nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog lub tswv yim los ntawm Peer-to-Patent renders ib tug txiav txim.
Rov qab rov qab mus rau US Patent 20070118658 rau ib tug "Neeg-selectable kev tswj qhia hom ntawv." Qhov no patent twb uploaded rau peertopatent.org nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 2007 qhov uas nws tau nyeem los ntawm Steve Pearson, ib tug senior software engineer rau IBM. Pearson yog me ntsis txog cov cheeb tsam no ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab nrhiav ib daim ua ntej kos duab: ib phau ntawv los ntawm Intel hu ua "Active Management Technology: Nreeb Reference Guide" uas tau luam tawm ob xyoos ua ntej lawm. Armed nrog daim ntawv no, raws li zoo li lwm yam ua ntej kos duab thiab kev sib tham los ntawm lub Peer-to-Patent zej zog, ib tug patent twv ntawd pib ib txhij txhua kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab thaum kawg muab tawm lub patent daim ntawv thov, nyob rau hauv ib feem vim hais tias ntawm lub Intel phau ntawv uas twb nyob los ntawm Pearson (Noveck 2009) . Ntawm 66 tus neeg mob uas tau ua tiav Peer-to-Patent, ze li ntawm 30% raug muab tso tseg feem ntau raws li ua ntej kos duab pom los ntawm Peer-to-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .
Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau tus tsim ntawm Peer-to-Patent tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj kuab heev yog txoj kev uas nws tau txais cov neeg uas muaj ntau kev tsis sib haum kev txaus siab rau tag nrho cov seev cev ua ke. Inventors muaj kev kub siab mus koom nyob rau hauv no qhib patent xyuas vim hais tias cov patent chaw ua hauj lwm saib lub Peer-to-Patent daim ntaub ntawv sai dua cov patents mus los ntawm qhov tshuaj, daim card kev ntsuam xyuas. Reviewers muaj kev kub siab mus koom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tiv thaiv cov nyiaj tau los pab ntawm "junk patents," thiab ntau ciali mus nrhiav tus txheej txheem zoo. Thaum kawg, lub patent chaw ua hauj lwm thiab patent examiners muaj kev kub siab mus koom vim hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tsuas ua kom lawv tau zoo dua. Uas yog, yog hais tias tus lub zej lub zos kev ntsuam xyuas pom 10 phem daim ua ntej kos duab, qhov no ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tsis quav ntsej li los ntawm cov patent twv ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, Peer-to-Patent thiab ib tug patent twv ntawd ua hauj lwm ua ke yuav tsum tau zoo los zoo dua ib tug patent twv ntawd ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm. Yog li, qhib hu tsis yeej ib txwm hloov cov kws txawj; tej zaum lawv pab tau cov kws txawj ua lawv cov hauj lwm zoo dua.
Txawm tias Peer-to-Patent yuav zoo li txawv tshaj cov Netflix nqi zog thiab Foldit, nws muaj ib tug uas zoo sib xws qauv nyob rau hauv uas daws yog yooj yim mus saib dua kom muaj. Thaum ib tug neeg ua qhov kev tuav "Active Management Technology: Nreeb Reference Guide" nws yog tus yooj yim-rau ib tug patent twv ntawd, yam tsawg kawg-kom paub tseeb tias daim ntawv no yog ua ntej kos duab. Txawm li cas los, nrhiav tau hais tias phau ntawv yog heev yooj yim. Peer-to-Patent kuj qhia tau hais tias qhib hu tej yaam num yog ua tau txawm rau tej yam uas tsis obviously amenable mus quantification.
